The Algebra of Free Fermions: Classifying Spaces, Hamiltonians, and Computation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yuan, Tian, Qi, Yang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Yuan, Tian
Qi, Yang
author_facet Yuan, Tian
Qi, Yang
contents Research on topological phases of matter is a core field in modern condensed matter physics. Free fermion systems, such as topological insulators and superconductors, have been studied using the "Tenfold Way" and K-theory. Building on Kitaev's idea of $Ω$-spectrum and classifying space, as well as Freed-Moore's K-theory, this work demonstrates that free fermionic systems form a genuine $G$-$Ω$-spectrum and clarifies its connection to several distinct classification schemes appearing in the physical literature. By introducing the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded algebra $A_{\mathrm{sym}}^V$, the classification problem for systems with general symmetries, including antilinear symmetries, antisymmetries, projective representations, and point group symmetries, is turned into an extension problem in representation theory. To solve this, a computational method for the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded Wedderburn-Artin decomposition of $A_{\mathrm{sym}}^V$ is developed. This decomposition not only yields a classification but also enables the explicit construction of the corresponding Dirac Hamiltonian. Furthermore, a GAP programming package has been developed to automate these calculations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11655
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Algebra of Free Fermions: Classifying Spaces, Hamiltonians, and Computation
Yuan, Tian
Qi, Yang
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Mathematical Physics
Research on topological phases of matter is a core field in modern condensed matter physics. Free fermion systems, such as topological insulators and superconductors, have been studied using the "Tenfold Way" and K-theory. Building on Kitaev's idea of $Ω$-spectrum and classifying space, as well as Freed-Moore's K-theory, this work demonstrates that free fermionic systems form a genuine $G$-$Ω$-spectrum and clarifies its connection to several distinct classification schemes appearing in the physical literature. By introducing the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded algebra $A_{\mathrm{sym}}^V$, the classification problem for systems with general symmetries, including antilinear symmetries, antisymmetries, projective representations, and point group symmetries, is turned into an extension problem in representation theory. To solve this, a computational method for the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded Wedderburn-Artin decomposition of $A_{\mathrm{sym}}^V$ is developed. This decomposition not only yields a classification but also enables the explicit construction of the corresponding Dirac Hamiltonian. Furthermore, a GAP programming package has been developed to automate these calculations.
title The Algebra of Free Fermions: Classifying Spaces, Hamiltonians, and Computation
topic Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Mathematical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11655