Mapping Embodied Affective Touch Strategies on a Humanoid Robot

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Ren, Qiaoqiao, Eldardeer, Omar, Cocchella, Francesca, Francesco, Rea, Sciutti, Alessandra, Belpaeme, Tony
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Ren, Qiaoqiao
Eldardeer, Omar
Cocchella, Francesca
Francesco, Rea
Sciutti, Alessandra
Belpaeme, Tony
author_facet Ren, Qiaoqiao
Eldardeer, Omar
Cocchella, Francesca
Francesco, Rea
Sciutti, Alessandra
Belpaeme, Tony
contents Affective touch in human-robot interaction is shaped not only by emotional intent, but also by robot embodiment, including touch location, physical constraints, and perceived agency or social role. Existing HRI studies typically focus on one or two isolated body parts, limiting understanding of how affective touch generalises across the full humanoid body. We present a study with 32 participants interacting with the iCub robot, which is equipped with full-body distributed tactile sensors. Participants expressed eight emotions under three conditions: free touch, arm-only touch, and torso-only touch. Results show that body region and spatial constraints jointly shaped both touch location and dynamics. In free touch, participants preferred socially accessible upper-body regions, while less frequently touched areas showed stronger emotion-specific selectivity. Emotion-related variation was more evident in motion features for arm-only touch and pressure features for torso-only touch. Touch strategies also did not transfer directly between free and constrained conditions, even within the same coarse body region. Participants reported increased closeness to the robot after interaction, with around 30 percent reporting a change in perceived social relationship. Together, these findings show that affective touch expression is strongly body-region dependent and shaped by embodiment constraints.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11825
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mapping Embodied Affective Touch Strategies on a Humanoid Robot
Ren, Qiaoqiao
Eldardeer, Omar
Cocchella, Francesca
Francesco, Rea
Sciutti, Alessandra
Belpaeme, Tony
Robotics
Affective touch in human-robot interaction is shaped not only by emotional intent, but also by robot embodiment, including touch location, physical constraints, and perceived agency or social role. Existing HRI studies typically focus on one or two isolated body parts, limiting understanding of how affective touch generalises across the full humanoid body. We present a study with 32 participants interacting with the iCub robot, which is equipped with full-body distributed tactile sensors. Participants expressed eight emotions under three conditions: free touch, arm-only touch, and torso-only touch. Results show that body region and spatial constraints jointly shaped both touch location and dynamics. In free touch, participants preferred socially accessible upper-body regions, while less frequently touched areas showed stronger emotion-specific selectivity. Emotion-related variation was more evident in motion features for arm-only touch and pressure features for torso-only touch. Touch strategies also did not transfer directly between free and constrained conditions, even within the same coarse body region. Participants reported increased closeness to the robot after interaction, with around 30 percent reporting a change in perceived social relationship. Together, these findings show that affective touch expression is strongly body-region dependent and shaped by embodiment constraints.
title Mapping Embodied Affective Touch Strategies on a Humanoid Robot
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11825