Trace anomaly, effective degrees of freedom, and chemical potential effects near the QCD crossover
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914558066556928 |
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| author | Krivenko-Emetov, Yaroslav |
| author_facet | Krivenko-Emetov, Yaroslav |
| contents | A compact analytical scheme is presented for describing ultra-dense hadronic matter, which combines a multicomponent van der Waals (vdW)-type description with temperature-dependent effective degrees of freedom. Although the vdW formalism successfully reproduces interactions at finite density, in its standard form it cannot describe lattice-QCD thermodynamics, since it uses a fixed degeneracy.
It is shown that a consistent description of the equation of state requires a temperature-dependent degeneracy $g(T)$ and an effective chemical potential $μ(T)$. Within this approach, the trace anomaly (the trace of the energy-momentum tensor), i.e. the measure of nonconformality of the energy-momentum tensor normalized to $T^4$, is naturally reproduced together with its peak structure near the crossover region.
The effective chemical-potential sector becomes particularly important in baryon-rich matter, whereas for the mesonic sector a separate dynamical description of the degrees of freedom is required. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11952 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Trace anomaly, effective degrees of freedom, and chemical potential effects near the QCD crossover Krivenko-Emetov, Yaroslav High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory A compact analytical scheme is presented for describing ultra-dense hadronic matter, which combines a multicomponent van der Waals (vdW)-type description with temperature-dependent effective degrees of freedom. Although the vdW formalism successfully reproduces interactions at finite density, in its standard form it cannot describe lattice-QCD thermodynamics, since it uses a fixed degeneracy. It is shown that a consistent description of the equation of state requires a temperature-dependent degeneracy $g(T)$ and an effective chemical potential $μ(T)$. Within this approach, the trace anomaly (the trace of the energy-momentum tensor), i.e. the measure of nonconformality of the energy-momentum tensor normalized to $T^4$, is naturally reproduced together with its peak structure near the crossover region. The effective chemical-potential sector becomes particularly important in baryon-rich matter, whereas for the mesonic sector a separate dynamical description of the degrees of freedom is required. |
| title | Trace anomaly, effective degrees of freedom, and chemical potential effects near the QCD crossover |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11952 |