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Hauptverfasser: Li, Shuo, Song, Yuan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12215
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author Li, Shuo
Song, Yuan
author_facet Li, Shuo
Song, Yuan
contents A \emph{square} is a word of the form $uu$, where $u$ is a nonempty finite word. Given a finite word $w$ of length $n$, let $[w]$ denote the corresponding \emph{circular word}, i.e., the set of all cyclic rotations of $w$. We study the number of distinct square factors of the elements of $[w]$. Amit and Gawrychowski first showed that this number is upper bounded by $3.14n$. In a recent article, Charalampopoulos et al. improved this upper bound to $1.8n$ and conjectured that the sharp upper bound is $1.5n$. In this note, we improve this upper bound to $\frac{5}{3}n$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12215
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Tighter Upper Bound for the Number of Distinct Squares in Circular Words
Li, Shuo
Song, Yuan
Combinatorics
A \emph{square} is a word of the form $uu$, where $u$ is a nonempty finite word. Given a finite word $w$ of length $n$, let $[w]$ denote the corresponding \emph{circular word}, i.e., the set of all cyclic rotations of $w$. We study the number of distinct square factors of the elements of $[w]$. Amit and Gawrychowski first showed that this number is upper bounded by $3.14n$. In a recent article, Charalampopoulos et al. improved this upper bound to $1.8n$ and conjectured that the sharp upper bound is $1.5n$. In this note, we improve this upper bound to $\frac{5}{3}n$.
title A Tighter Upper Bound for the Number of Distinct Squares in Circular Words
topic Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12215