Toward Charge-Dependent Tests of the Equivalence Principle: A Phenomenological Parameter and an Unexplored Frontier
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910213069602816 |
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| author | Santos, Renato Vieira dos |
| author_facet | Santos, Renato Vieira dos |
| contents | We introduce and define the phenomenological parameter $κ$, defined by $Δa/g = κ\, Δ(q/m)$, to quantify potential linear coupling between electric charge and gravitational acceleration. A synthesis of existing precision equivalence principle experiments yields the first quantitative estimate of the effective sensitivity to this coupling: $|κ| < 2.1 \times 10^{-4}~\si{\kilo\gram\per\coulomb}$ at 95\% confidence level. This constraint is approximately eleven orders of magnitude less stringent than corresponding bounds on composition-dependent violations, revealing that the electromagnetic axis remains a largely underexplored frontier in empirical gravity. We connect $κ$ to established frameworks -- the Standard-Model Extension and the $THεμ$ formalism -- showing that it occupies a region of parameter space untouched by existing high-precision tests. An effective field theory analysis shows that dimension-six operators that couple curvature directly to the electromagnetic field strength are suppressed by the minuscule terrestrial spacetime curvature ($G_N ρ_\oplus \sim 10^{-55}~\text{GeV}^2$) and are therefore phenomenologically irrelevant. Consequently, a future measurement of $κ$ at an accessible level would not probe minimal geometric couplings but would signal physics beyond minimal gravitational EFT, such as mediation by light scalar fields as in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory. We examine the Schiff-Barnhill effect, the primary systematic background for any such measurement, and show how it can be separated from a genuine signal. We outline the necessary experimental strategy, focused on maximizing charge-to-mass ratio differences, to transform this overlooked axis into a targeted probe for new physics. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12246 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Toward Charge-Dependent Tests of the Equivalence Principle: A Phenomenological Parameter and an Unexplored Frontier Santos, Renato Vieira dos High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Statistical Mechanics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We introduce and define the phenomenological parameter $κ$, defined by $Δa/g = κ\, Δ(q/m)$, to quantify potential linear coupling between electric charge and gravitational acceleration. A synthesis of existing precision equivalence principle experiments yields the first quantitative estimate of the effective sensitivity to this coupling: $|κ| < 2.1 \times 10^{-4}~\si{\kilo\gram\per\coulomb}$ at 95\% confidence level. This constraint is approximately eleven orders of magnitude less stringent than corresponding bounds on composition-dependent violations, revealing that the electromagnetic axis remains a largely underexplored frontier in empirical gravity. We connect $κ$ to established frameworks -- the Standard-Model Extension and the $THεμ$ formalism -- showing that it occupies a region of parameter space untouched by existing high-precision tests. An effective field theory analysis shows that dimension-six operators that couple curvature directly to the electromagnetic field strength are suppressed by the minuscule terrestrial spacetime curvature ($G_N ρ_\oplus \sim 10^{-55}~\text{GeV}^2$) and are therefore phenomenologically irrelevant. Consequently, a future measurement of $κ$ at an accessible level would not probe minimal geometric couplings but would signal physics beyond minimal gravitational EFT, such as mediation by light scalar fields as in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory. We examine the Schiff-Barnhill effect, the primary systematic background for any such measurement, and show how it can be separated from a genuine signal. We outline the necessary experimental strategy, focused on maximizing charge-to-mass ratio differences, to transform this overlooked axis into a targeted probe for new physics. |
| title | Toward Charge-Dependent Tests of the Equivalence Principle: A Phenomenological Parameter and an Unexplored Frontier |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Statistical Mechanics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12246 |