Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Furuya, Takashi, Korolev, Yury, Yaguchi, Takaharu
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Furuya, Takashi
Korolev, Yury
Yaguchi, Takaharu
author_facet Furuya, Takashi
Korolev, Yury
Yaguchi, Takaharu
contents Operator learning has been highly successful for continuous mappings between infinite-dimensional spaces, such as PDE solution operators. However, many operators of interest-including differential operators-are discontinuous or set-valued, and lie outside classical approximation frameworks. We propose a paradigm shift by formulating approximation via graph convergence (Painlevé-Kuratowski convergence), which is well-suited for closed operators. We show that uniform and $L^p$ approximation are fundamentally inadequate in this setting. Focusing on maximally monotone operators, we prove that any such operator can be approximated in the sense of local graph convergence by continuous encoder-decoder architectures, and further construct structure-preserving approximations that retain maximal monotonicity via resolvent-based parameterizations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12301
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective
Furuya, Takashi
Korolev, Yury
Yaguchi, Takaharu
Machine Learning
Statistics Theory
Operator learning has been highly successful for continuous mappings between infinite-dimensional spaces, such as PDE solution operators. However, many operators of interest-including differential operators-are discontinuous or set-valued, and lie outside classical approximation frameworks. We propose a paradigm shift by formulating approximation via graph convergence (Painlevé-Kuratowski convergence), which is well-suited for closed operators. We show that uniform and $L^p$ approximation are fundamentally inadequate in this setting. Focusing on maximally monotone operators, we prove that any such operator can be approximated in the sense of local graph convergence by continuous encoder-decoder architectures, and further construct structure-preserving approximations that retain maximal monotonicity via resolvent-based parameterizations.
title Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective
topic Machine Learning
Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12301