From EEG Cleaning to Decoding: The Role of Artifact Rejection in MI-based BCIs
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| author | Hajhassani, Davoud Aristimunha, Bruno Graignic, Paul-Adrien Mellot, Apolline Kusch, Lionel Delorme, Arnaud Semah, Thomas Caillet, Arnault H. |
| author_facet | Hajhassani, Davoud Aristimunha, Bruno Graignic, Paul-Adrien Mellot, Apolline Kusch, Lionel Delorme, Arnaud Semah, Thomas Caillet, Arnault H. |
| contents | Motor imagery (MI) BCIs are sensitive to EEG artifacts, yet the practical impact of automated artifact rejection on downstream MI decoding performance remains unclear. While most work focuses on decoder design, the contribution of data curation, particularly automated rejection policies, has received comparatively less attention, despite its importance for robust machine learning pipelines. Here, we propose Fast Automatic Artifact Rejection (FAAR), a lightweight method that computes a compact set of artifact-sensitive features, derives an epoch-level Signal Quality Index, adaptively selects rejection thresholds, and automatically rejects contaminated epochs without requiring prior knowledge of artifact types or manual threshold tuning. We evaluate FAAR on 13 publicly available MI datasets and compare it to a no-rejection baseline, AutoReject, and Isolation Forest. We show rejection effects are strongly subject- and regime-dependent, with the largest gains in low-baseline/low-SNR conditions, so it should be used adaptively. FAAR reduces inter-subject performance variability, an important property for MI-BCI reliability and BCI-illiteracy, without aggressive data removal. Finally, FAAR's lightweight and fully automated thresholding yields consistent rejection behavior across offline curation, training, and online filtering, and supports real-time BCI constraints. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12408 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | From EEG Cleaning to Decoding: The Role of Artifact Rejection in MI-based BCIs Hajhassani, Davoud Aristimunha, Bruno Graignic, Paul-Adrien Mellot, Apolline Kusch, Lionel Delorme, Arnaud Semah, Thomas Caillet, Arnault H. Signal Processing Motor imagery (MI) BCIs are sensitive to EEG artifacts, yet the practical impact of automated artifact rejection on downstream MI decoding performance remains unclear. While most work focuses on decoder design, the contribution of data curation, particularly automated rejection policies, has received comparatively less attention, despite its importance for robust machine learning pipelines. Here, we propose Fast Automatic Artifact Rejection (FAAR), a lightweight method that computes a compact set of artifact-sensitive features, derives an epoch-level Signal Quality Index, adaptively selects rejection thresholds, and automatically rejects contaminated epochs without requiring prior knowledge of artifact types or manual threshold tuning. We evaluate FAAR on 13 publicly available MI datasets and compare it to a no-rejection baseline, AutoReject, and Isolation Forest. We show rejection effects are strongly subject- and regime-dependent, with the largest gains in low-baseline/low-SNR conditions, so it should be used adaptively. FAAR reduces inter-subject performance variability, an important property for MI-BCI reliability and BCI-illiteracy, without aggressive data removal. Finally, FAAR's lightweight and fully automated thresholding yields consistent rejection behavior across offline curation, training, and online filtering, and supports real-time BCI constraints. |
| title | From EEG Cleaning to Decoding: The Role of Artifact Rejection in MI-based BCIs |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12408 |