Late-time reconstruction of non-minimally coupled gravity with a smoothness prior
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Ye, Gen Chudaykin, Anton Bonvin, Camille Kunz, Martin |
| author_facet | Ye, Gen Chudaykin, Anton Bonvin, Camille Kunz, Martin |
| contents | We present a non-parametric, model-independent reconstruction of the cosmological background and perturbation dynamics in non-minimally coupled theories of gravity. Within the Effective Field Theory of dark energy framework, we reconstruct the time-dependent cosmological constant, $Λ(t)$, and the non-minimal coupling function, $Ω(t)$, from cosmological data. To ensure stability, we apply a correlated smoothness prior that restricts the reconstruction to the space of sufficiently smooth functions. Using CMB, DESI BAO, Type Ia supernovae, CMB-ISW lensing cross-correlations, and large-scale 3x2pt DES Year 3 data, we find a $2.8σ$ hint for a non-minimal coupling. For the dark energy equation of state, our results indicate a preference for the existence of crossing of the phantom divide, $w_{DE}=-1$, at $z<0.8$. The non-minimal coupling effect stabilizes dark energy perturbations, providing a viable physical interpretation of the phantom crossing scenario. Our work paves the way for model-agnostic searches for signatures of modified gravity in cosmological data. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12415 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Late-time reconstruction of non-minimally coupled gravity with a smoothness prior Ye, Gen Chudaykin, Anton Bonvin, Camille Kunz, Martin Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We present a non-parametric, model-independent reconstruction of the cosmological background and perturbation dynamics in non-minimally coupled theories of gravity. Within the Effective Field Theory of dark energy framework, we reconstruct the time-dependent cosmological constant, $Λ(t)$, and the non-minimal coupling function, $Ω(t)$, from cosmological data. To ensure stability, we apply a correlated smoothness prior that restricts the reconstruction to the space of sufficiently smooth functions. Using CMB, DESI BAO, Type Ia supernovae, CMB-ISW lensing cross-correlations, and large-scale 3x2pt DES Year 3 data, we find a $2.8σ$ hint for a non-minimal coupling. For the dark energy equation of state, our results indicate a preference for the existence of crossing of the phantom divide, $w_{DE}=-1$, at $z<0.8$. The non-minimal coupling effect stabilizes dark energy perturbations, providing a viable physical interpretation of the phantom crossing scenario. Our work paves the way for model-agnostic searches for signatures of modified gravity in cosmological data. |
| title | Late-time reconstruction of non-minimally coupled gravity with a smoothness prior |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12415 |