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Main Authors: Mei, Yu, Zhou, Xinyu, Naik, Vedant, Gao, Alan, Tan, Xiaobo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12804
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author Mei, Yu
Zhou, Xinyu
Naik, Vedant
Gao, Alan
Tan, Xiaobo
author_facet Mei, Yu
Zhou, Xinyu
Naik, Vedant
Gao, Alan
Tan, Xiaobo
contents Positive-negative pressure regulation is critical to soft robotic actuators, enabling large motion ranges and versatile actuation modes. However, achieving high-performance regulation across both pressure polarities remains challenging due to asymmetric inflation-deflation dynamics, valve nonlinearities, and switching-induced flow disturbances. This paper presents BiPneu, a scalable and cost-efficient multi-channel bipolar-pressure pneumatic system for soft robots that enables wide-range, accurate, and responsive pressure regulation while providing seamless compatibility with high-level software ecosystems. A dual-mode sliding-mode controller (DM-SMC) with hysteresis-supervised mode selection is proposed based on a hybrid electro-pneumatic model. Extensive simulation and experiments demonstrate the superior performance of DM-SMC in tracking step and sinusoidal pressure references compared with both advanced model predictive controllers and well-tuned PID controllers. Experimental results show average absolute errors of 1.44 kPa in multi-step tests and 4.23 kPa in sinusoidal tracking, corresponding to reductions of 11.9% and 35.6% relative to PID control, along with improved control effort, valve switching rate, and transient response. Robustness of DM-SMC is further verified on a bellow actuator with pressure-dependent volume. Finally, BiPneu's capability is demonstrated via two soft robotic examples, quick ball-maneuvering with a soft parallel manipulator and real-time finite element method (FEM)-based teleoperation of a soft bellows actuator.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12804
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle BiPneu: Design and Control of a Bipolar-Pressure Pneumatic System for Soft Robots
Mei, Yu
Zhou, Xinyu
Naik, Vedant
Gao, Alan
Tan, Xiaobo
Robotics
Positive-negative pressure regulation is critical to soft robotic actuators, enabling large motion ranges and versatile actuation modes. However, achieving high-performance regulation across both pressure polarities remains challenging due to asymmetric inflation-deflation dynamics, valve nonlinearities, and switching-induced flow disturbances. This paper presents BiPneu, a scalable and cost-efficient multi-channel bipolar-pressure pneumatic system for soft robots that enables wide-range, accurate, and responsive pressure regulation while providing seamless compatibility with high-level software ecosystems. A dual-mode sliding-mode controller (DM-SMC) with hysteresis-supervised mode selection is proposed based on a hybrid electro-pneumatic model. Extensive simulation and experiments demonstrate the superior performance of DM-SMC in tracking step and sinusoidal pressure references compared with both advanced model predictive controllers and well-tuned PID controllers. Experimental results show average absolute errors of 1.44 kPa in multi-step tests and 4.23 kPa in sinusoidal tracking, corresponding to reductions of 11.9% and 35.6% relative to PID control, along with improved control effort, valve switching rate, and transient response. Robustness of DM-SMC is further verified on a bellow actuator with pressure-dependent volume. Finally, BiPneu's capability is demonstrated via two soft robotic examples, quick ball-maneuvering with a soft parallel manipulator and real-time finite element method (FEM)-based teleoperation of a soft bellows actuator.
title BiPneu: Design and Control of a Bipolar-Pressure Pneumatic System for Soft Robots
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12804