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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12867 |
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| _version_ | 1866914561536294912 |
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| author | Zhou, Hang Huang, Jia-Wei Shu, Chuan-Cun |
| author_facet | Zhou, Hang Huang, Jia-Wei Shu, Chuan-Cun |
| contents | Quantum batteries, which use quantum systems to store and deliver energy,
are promising for next-generation energy storage. However, optimizing charging
strategies and understanding the interplay between dissipation and quantum
coherence remain open challenges. Here, we investigate steady-state charging
in an open quantum battery and demonstrate that the charging timescale depends
on the spectral gap of the Liouvillian operator governing dissipative dynamics.
As a minimal example, we examine a three-level quantum battery realized in
a single trapped ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}$ ion, where energy from an
engineered thermal photon reservoir is coherently transferred to a long-lived
metastable storage state. We find that long-term dynamics are confined to
a low-dimensional manifold of slow Liouvillian modes, with their
spectral structure determining the relaxation rate to the charged
steady state. By adjusting experimentally accessible parameters,
such as reservoir occupation and coherent coupling strength, the non-Hermitian
Liouvillian spectrum can approach an exceptional point. This increases
the spectral gap and accelerates the approach to steady state. As a result,
this mechanism significantly enhances asymptotic charging power without
relying on many-body collectivity or steady coherence. Our findings offer
fundamental insights into open quantum thermodynamics and provide a path
to efficient energy storage and fast-charging solutions in emerging quantum
technologies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12867 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Liouvillian spectral control for fast charging of quantum batteries Zhou, Hang Huang, Jia-Wei Shu, Chuan-Cun Quantum Physics Quantum batteries, which use quantum systems to store and deliver energy, are promising for next-generation energy storage. However, optimizing charging strategies and understanding the interplay between dissipation and quantum coherence remain open challenges. Here, we investigate steady-state charging in an open quantum battery and demonstrate that the charging timescale depends on the spectral gap of the Liouvillian operator governing dissipative dynamics. As a minimal example, we examine a three-level quantum battery realized in a single trapped ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}$ ion, where energy from an engineered thermal photon reservoir is coherently transferred to a long-lived metastable storage state. We find that long-term dynamics are confined to a low-dimensional manifold of slow Liouvillian modes, with their spectral structure determining the relaxation rate to the charged steady state. By adjusting experimentally accessible parameters, such as reservoir occupation and coherent coupling strength, the non-Hermitian Liouvillian spectrum can approach an exceptional point. This increases the spectral gap and accelerates the approach to steady state. As a result, this mechanism significantly enhances asymptotic charging power without relying on many-body collectivity or steady coherence. Our findings offer fundamental insights into open quantum thermodynamics and provide a path to efficient energy storage and fast-charging solutions in emerging quantum technologies. |
| title | Liouvillian spectral control for fast charging of quantum batteries |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12867 |