Quasi-Strong-Strong Beam-Beam Modeling of Bootstrapping Injection in FCC-ee
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918499397402624 |
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| author | Mori, Takashi Oide, Katsunobu Zimmermann, Frank |
| author_facet | Mori, Takashi Oide, Katsunobu Zimmermann, Frank |
| contents | The FCC-ee is designed to operate with exceptionally strong beam--beam interactions, making continuous injection a critical and non-trivial aspect of its operation. During the injection process, an unavoidable charge imbalance between the two colliding beams leads to asymmetric beam--beam forces, potentially compromising transverse stability.
In this paper, we introduce a quasi-strong-strong (QSS) beam--beam scheme, implemented in the SAD simulation framework. The method preserves a self-consistent beam--beam lens by coupling paired weak--strong simulations, while avoiding the computational cost of full strong--strong tracking. The injection process is modeled as a gradual increase of the stored bunch population, allowing the isolated study of beam--beam--driven optics deformation under charge imbalance.
Using the QSS approach, we investigate the feasibility of bootstrapping injection in the Z, W, and H operating modes of FCC-ee. Stable injection paths up to the nominal bunch population are identified in the W and H modes. In contrast, in the explored parameter region, the Z mode exhibits saturation of the stored population below the nominal value. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_12912 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quasi-Strong-Strong Beam-Beam Modeling of Bootstrapping Injection in FCC-ee Mori, Takashi Oide, Katsunobu Zimmermann, Frank Accelerator Physics The FCC-ee is designed to operate with exceptionally strong beam--beam interactions, making continuous injection a critical and non-trivial aspect of its operation. During the injection process, an unavoidable charge imbalance between the two colliding beams leads to asymmetric beam--beam forces, potentially compromising transverse stability. In this paper, we introduce a quasi-strong-strong (QSS) beam--beam scheme, implemented in the SAD simulation framework. The method preserves a self-consistent beam--beam lens by coupling paired weak--strong simulations, while avoiding the computational cost of full strong--strong tracking. The injection process is modeled as a gradual increase of the stored bunch population, allowing the isolated study of beam--beam--driven optics deformation under charge imbalance. Using the QSS approach, we investigate the feasibility of bootstrapping injection in the Z, W, and H operating modes of FCC-ee. Stable injection paths up to the nominal bunch population are identified in the W and H modes. In contrast, in the explored parameter region, the Z mode exhibits saturation of the stored population below the nominal value. |
| title | Quasi-Strong-Strong Beam-Beam Modeling of Bootstrapping Injection in FCC-ee |
| topic | Accelerator Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12912 |