Revisiting Voltage and Synchronization Stability Analysis in Converter-Integrated Weak Grids: Insights from Non-Minimum-Phase Zeros
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910215541096448 |
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| author | Ma, Fuyilong Zhang, Lidong Tang, Wangqianyun Zheng, Waisheng Xin, Huanhai Huang, Linbin Harnefors, Lennart |
| author_facet | Ma, Fuyilong Zhang, Lidong Tang, Wangqianyun Zheng, Waisheng Xin, Huanhai Huang, Linbin Harnefors, Lennart |
| contents | The increasing penetration of converter-interfaced generators (CIGs) intensifies concerns over small-signal voltage and synchronization stability. While existing theories treat these two stability issues distinctly, practical wisdom in contrast employs a unified and static metric, short-circuit ratio (SCR), to assess both in weak grids. This paper aims to bridge this theory-practice gap by introducing the insight of non-minimum phase (NMP) zeros. First, we demonstrate that the two stability issues in weak grids originate from NMP zeros in the grid Jacobian transfer matrix: a zero at the origin corresponds to voltage instability, while low-frequency zeros impose fundamental constraints on synchronization dynamics. The traditional SCR is proven to be a special case of our proposed novel stability metric, NMP-zero (NMP-Z) factor, evaluated at the rated operating point. This establishes the theoretical foundation for the empirical success of SCR. Building on this insight, we then develop a unified stability assessment method for multi-converter systems. The method retains the simplicity of SCR, requiring only the NMP-Z factor together with individual CIG dynamic models and enabling stability margin assessment under various operating points. Our work provides a simple yet theoretically rigorous framework for stability analysis in CIG-integrated weak grids, with all theoretical findings and the proposed method validated through detailed time-domain simulations. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13061 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Revisiting Voltage and Synchronization Stability Analysis in Converter-Integrated Weak Grids: Insights from Non-Minimum-Phase Zeros Ma, Fuyilong Zhang, Lidong Tang, Wangqianyun Zheng, Waisheng Xin, Huanhai Huang, Linbin Harnefors, Lennart Systems and Control The increasing penetration of converter-interfaced generators (CIGs) intensifies concerns over small-signal voltage and synchronization stability. While existing theories treat these two stability issues distinctly, practical wisdom in contrast employs a unified and static metric, short-circuit ratio (SCR), to assess both in weak grids. This paper aims to bridge this theory-practice gap by introducing the insight of non-minimum phase (NMP) zeros. First, we demonstrate that the two stability issues in weak grids originate from NMP zeros in the grid Jacobian transfer matrix: a zero at the origin corresponds to voltage instability, while low-frequency zeros impose fundamental constraints on synchronization dynamics. The traditional SCR is proven to be a special case of our proposed novel stability metric, NMP-zero (NMP-Z) factor, evaluated at the rated operating point. This establishes the theoretical foundation for the empirical success of SCR. Building on this insight, we then develop a unified stability assessment method for multi-converter systems. The method retains the simplicity of SCR, requiring only the NMP-Z factor together with individual CIG dynamic models and enabling stability margin assessment under various operating points. Our work provides a simple yet theoretically rigorous framework for stability analysis in CIG-integrated weak grids, with all theoretical findings and the proposed method validated through detailed time-domain simulations. |
| title | Revisiting Voltage and Synchronization Stability Analysis in Converter-Integrated Weak Grids: Insights from Non-Minimum-Phase Zeros |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13061 |