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Main Authors: Li, Junjie, Wang, Ziao, Ma, NingXuan, Ma, Jianghong, Zhang, Xiaofeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13130
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author Li, Junjie
Wang, Ziao
Ma, NingXuan
Ma, Jianghong
Zhang, Xiaofeng
author_facet Li, Junjie
Wang, Ziao
Ma, NingXuan
Ma, Jianghong
Zhang, Xiaofeng
contents Existing reasoning data curation pipelines score whole samples, treating every intermediate step as equally valuable. In reality, steps within a trace contribute very unevenly, and selecting reasoning data well requires assessing them individually. We present GRACE, a gradient-aligned curation method that views each reasoning trace as a sequence of optimization events and scores every step by two complementary signals: its alignment with the answer-oriented gradient direction, and its consistency with the preceding reasoning trajectory. Step-level scores are aggregated into a sample-level value for subset selection, using only the model's internal optimization signals and no external reward models or step annotations. To make this scalable, GRACE introduces a representation-level gradient proxy that estimates step-level alignment from token-level upstream signals in a single forward pass. Post-training Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct on MMathCoT-1M, GRACE reaches 108.8% of the full-data performance with 20% of the data and retains 100.2% with only 5%, with subsets that transfer effectively across model backbones.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13130
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle GRACE: Gradient-aligned Reasoning Data Curation for Efficient Post-training
Li, Junjie
Wang, Ziao
Ma, NingXuan
Ma, Jianghong
Zhang, Xiaofeng
Artificial Intelligence
Existing reasoning data curation pipelines score whole samples, treating every intermediate step as equally valuable. In reality, steps within a trace contribute very unevenly, and selecting reasoning data well requires assessing them individually. We present GRACE, a gradient-aligned curation method that views each reasoning trace as a sequence of optimization events and scores every step by two complementary signals: its alignment with the answer-oriented gradient direction, and its consistency with the preceding reasoning trajectory. Step-level scores are aggregated into a sample-level value for subset selection, using only the model's internal optimization signals and no external reward models or step annotations. To make this scalable, GRACE introduces a representation-level gradient proxy that estimates step-level alignment from token-level upstream signals in a single forward pass. Post-training Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct on MMathCoT-1M, GRACE reaches 108.8% of the full-data performance with 20% of the data and retains 100.2% with only 5%, with subsets that transfer effectively across model backbones.
title GRACE: Gradient-aligned Reasoning Data Curation for Efficient Post-training
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13130