Helium Bubbles in Liquid Lead Lithium Solutions: Pressure Inhomogeneities at Interfaces and Non Ideal Mixture Effects
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910215627079680 |
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| author | Alvarez-Galera, Edgar Marti, Jordi Batet, Lluis |
| author_facet | Alvarez-Galera, Edgar Marti, Jordi Batet, Lluis |
| contents | The extremely low solubility of helium in liquid metals may lead to rapid supersaturation, promoting spontaneous formation of helium bubbles by nucleation. Once nucleated, the stability of these bubbles is governed by the properties of the helium liquid metal interface. In particular, interfacial tension between the immiscible phases controls bubble interactions and induces local pressure inhomogeneities. This work is motivated by the need of a better understanding of helium bubble formation in liquid Pb Li alloys, which are of particular relevance for the design of breeding blankets in the future nuclear fusion reactors. We employ classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate helium segregation in a range of lead lithium systems, including the limiting cases of pure lead and pure lithium. Changes in local pressure are evaluated from direct mechanical calculations, enabling the characterization of interfacial properties. Interfacial tension and radius of the bubble are subsequently determined across multiple thermodynamic conditions, spanning temperatures starting near the melting points of the constituent metals up to 1021 K. The impact of curvature and composition of the alloy on the interfacial behaviour are also investigated. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13164 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Helium Bubbles in Liquid Lead Lithium Solutions: Pressure Inhomogeneities at Interfaces and Non Ideal Mixture Effects Alvarez-Galera, Edgar Marti, Jordi Batet, Lluis Materials Science Chemical Physics The extremely low solubility of helium in liquid metals may lead to rapid supersaturation, promoting spontaneous formation of helium bubbles by nucleation. Once nucleated, the stability of these bubbles is governed by the properties of the helium liquid metal interface. In particular, interfacial tension between the immiscible phases controls bubble interactions and induces local pressure inhomogeneities. This work is motivated by the need of a better understanding of helium bubble formation in liquid Pb Li alloys, which are of particular relevance for the design of breeding blankets in the future nuclear fusion reactors. We employ classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate helium segregation in a range of lead lithium systems, including the limiting cases of pure lead and pure lithium. Changes in local pressure are evaluated from direct mechanical calculations, enabling the characterization of interfacial properties. Interfacial tension and radius of the bubble are subsequently determined across multiple thermodynamic conditions, spanning temperatures starting near the melting points of the constituent metals up to 1021 K. The impact of curvature and composition of the alloy on the interfacial behaviour are also investigated. |
| title | Helium Bubbles in Liquid Lead Lithium Solutions: Pressure Inhomogeneities at Interfaces and Non Ideal Mixture Effects |
| topic | Materials Science Chemical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13164 |