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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13327 |
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| _version_ | 1866913122877440000 |
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| author | Spellauge, Maximilian Auer, Ramon Taebling, Vincent Ziefuss, Anna R. Foerster, Daniel J. Huber, Heinz. P. |
| author_facet | Spellauge, Maximilian Auer, Ramon Taebling, Vincent Ziefuss, Anna R. Foerster, Daniel J. Huber, Heinz. P. |
| contents | Laser ablation in liquids enables the synthesis of surfactant-free nanoparticles but remains limited in productivity due to intrinsic constraints imposed by the liquid environment. These constraints include nonlinear optical losses, material redeposition, and cavitation bubble-induced shielding. Temporal intensity shaping of the incident laser pulse offers a potential route to mitigate these limitations. Here, ultrashort GHz-burst ablation is applied to laser ablation of gold in water. By distributing the pulse energy into a sequence of picosecond sub-pulses arriving within the nanosecond time window preceding cavitation bubble formation, GHz-burst irradiation enables energy delivery before the onset of bubble-induced shielding. This increases the threshold fluence for nonlinear losses and yields an ablation efficiency enhancement of up to a factor of three compared to single-pulse ablation. Importantly, this efficiency gain is not accompanied by an increase in cavitation bubble size or lifetime. In addition to enhanced efficiency, burst irradiation yields a twofold narrower nanoparticle size distribution. These results demonstrate that GHz-burst ablation is a promising approach to increase productivity while simultaneously improving nanoparticle quality. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13327 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Threefold Efficiency Enhancement and Narrowed Nanoparticle Size Distribution in Laser Ablation of Gold in Water by GHz-Burst Irradiation Spellauge, Maximilian Auer, Ramon Taebling, Vincent Ziefuss, Anna R. Foerster, Daniel J. Huber, Heinz. P. Optics Laser ablation in liquids enables the synthesis of surfactant-free nanoparticles but remains limited in productivity due to intrinsic constraints imposed by the liquid environment. These constraints include nonlinear optical losses, material redeposition, and cavitation bubble-induced shielding. Temporal intensity shaping of the incident laser pulse offers a potential route to mitigate these limitations. Here, ultrashort GHz-burst ablation is applied to laser ablation of gold in water. By distributing the pulse energy into a sequence of picosecond sub-pulses arriving within the nanosecond time window preceding cavitation bubble formation, GHz-burst irradiation enables energy delivery before the onset of bubble-induced shielding. This increases the threshold fluence for nonlinear losses and yields an ablation efficiency enhancement of up to a factor of three compared to single-pulse ablation. Importantly, this efficiency gain is not accompanied by an increase in cavitation bubble size or lifetime. In addition to enhanced efficiency, burst irradiation yields a twofold narrower nanoparticle size distribution. These results demonstrate that GHz-burst ablation is a promising approach to increase productivity while simultaneously improving nanoparticle quality. |
| title | Threefold Efficiency Enhancement and Narrowed Nanoparticle Size Distribution in Laser Ablation of Gold in Water by GHz-Burst Irradiation |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13327 |