Full non-LTE multi-level radiative transfer II. The case of a 5-level Ca ii atom with broadened excited levels
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911680293765120 |
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| author | Lagache, T. Sampoorna, M. Paletou, F. |
| author_facet | Lagache, T. Sampoorna, M. Paletou, F. |
| contents | The so-called full non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (FNLTE) radiative transfer problem allows us to take into account not only deviations of the radiation field from the Planckian but also deviations of the densities and velocity distributions of massive particles from Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. This article discusses the extension of this formalism to physically realistic multi-level atoms, including natural broadening of the excited levels. In practice, we must solve self-consistently a coupled set of kinetic equations and determine, for each line, an emission and absorption profile by convolving a non-Lorentzian atomic profile with a non-Maxwellian velocity distribution at each iteration. To solve this numerically challenging problem, we have developed a new efficient iterative method based on well-known approximate operator techniques. After validating our numerical strategy, we present the results obtained for the H & K lines and the infrared triplet of the Ca II. Under the conditions studied, for this particular atomic model and for a simplified atmosphere, we find that the standard NLTE with partial redistribution is sufficient to describe the formation of Ca II spectral lines. The more exact treatment of FNLTE is unnecessary in the case of Ca II H & K, and infrared triplet lines, even when accounting for velocity-changing collisions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13374 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Full non-LTE multi-level radiative transfer II. The case of a 5-level Ca ii atom with broadened excited levels Lagache, T. Sampoorna, M. Paletou, F. Solar and Stellar Astrophysics The so-called full non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (FNLTE) radiative transfer problem allows us to take into account not only deviations of the radiation field from the Planckian but also deviations of the densities and velocity distributions of massive particles from Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. This article discusses the extension of this formalism to physically realistic multi-level atoms, including natural broadening of the excited levels. In practice, we must solve self-consistently a coupled set of kinetic equations and determine, for each line, an emission and absorption profile by convolving a non-Lorentzian atomic profile with a non-Maxwellian velocity distribution at each iteration. To solve this numerically challenging problem, we have developed a new efficient iterative method based on well-known approximate operator techniques. After validating our numerical strategy, we present the results obtained for the H & K lines and the infrared triplet of the Ca II. Under the conditions studied, for this particular atomic model and for a simplified atmosphere, we find that the standard NLTE with partial redistribution is sufficient to describe the formation of Ca II spectral lines. The more exact treatment of FNLTE is unnecessary in the case of Ca II H & K, and infrared triplet lines, even when accounting for velocity-changing collisions. |
| title | Full non-LTE multi-level radiative transfer II. The case of a 5-level Ca ii atom with broadened excited levels |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13374 |