No evidence for phantom crossing: local goodness-of-fit improvements do not persist under global Bayesian model comparison

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dinda, Bikash R., Maartens, Roy, Saito, Shun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Dinda, Bikash R.
Maartens, Roy
Saito, Shun
author_facet Dinda, Bikash R.
Maartens, Roy
Saito, Shun
contents Recent cosmological data have been interpreted as indicating deviations from $Λ$CDM within the standard $w_0w_a$ parametrization, including hints of phantom crossing and dynamical dark energy. However, such inferences can be parametrization-dependent and need not imply a statistically robust detection. We test these claims by comparing $Λ$CDM, $w_0w_a$, and thawing quintessence models, using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) and the Bayesian evidence $\ln \mathcal{Z}$. We find that $w_0w_a$ can provide a slightly improved local fit; however, this improvement is confined to a limited region of the parameter space. The global Bayesian evidence does not support it once the full prior volume is accounted for. In particular, cases with $Δ{\rm DIC}<0$ but $Δ\ln \mathcal{Z}<0$ indicate that these improvements are not statistically significant. We show that all models are statistically indistinguishable, and that there is no statistically consistent evidence across different datasets for either dynamical dark energy or phantom crossing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13546
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle No evidence for phantom crossing: local goodness-of-fit improvements do not persist under global Bayesian model comparison
Dinda, Bikash R.
Maartens, Roy
Saito, Shun
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Recent cosmological data have been interpreted as indicating deviations from $Λ$CDM within the standard $w_0w_a$ parametrization, including hints of phantom crossing and dynamical dark energy. However, such inferences can be parametrization-dependent and need not imply a statistically robust detection. We test these claims by comparing $Λ$CDM, $w_0w_a$, and thawing quintessence models, using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) and the Bayesian evidence $\ln \mathcal{Z}$. We find that $w_0w_a$ can provide a slightly improved local fit; however, this improvement is confined to a limited region of the parameter space. The global Bayesian evidence does not support it once the full prior volume is accounted for. In particular, cases with $Δ{\rm DIC}<0$ but $Δ\ln \mathcal{Z}<0$ indicate that these improvements are not statistically significant. We show that all models are statistically indistinguishable, and that there is no statistically consistent evidence across different datasets for either dynamical dark energy or phantom crossing.
title No evidence for phantom crossing: local goodness-of-fit improvements do not persist under global Bayesian model comparison
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13546