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Main Authors: Nikonorov, Igor Nikolaevich, Barkov, Maxim Vladimirovich, Lyutikov, Maxim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13697
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author Nikonorov, Igor Nikolaevich
Barkov, Maxim Vladimirovich
Lyutikov, Maxim
author_facet Nikonorov, Igor Nikolaevich
Barkov, Maxim Vladimirovich
Lyutikov, Maxim
contents Guitar nebula is a prime example of a class of bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), powered by a wind of a supersonically moving neutron star. Bow-shock PWNe can probe particle acceleration processes in relativistic pulsar winds, as well as the structure of the interstellar medium (ISM). We demonstrate that the Guitar is an exceptional object in a number of ways. First, particles escaping the PWN and forming the X-ray ``kinetic jet'' need to be accelerated to the energies corresponding to the maximal electric potential of the neutron star $η_\text{acc}\gtrsim 3/4$ : it is another example of the class of extreme accelerators. Second, exceptionally bright H$_α$ emission requires that the central pulsar PSR J2225+6535 passes through a dense, low ionization ISM region. Bright X-ray emission of the ``kinetic jet'' then also requires exceptionally high magnetic field, $\sim 100~μ$G. We hypothesize that Guitar passes through the one of long-predicted, narrow dense shells of an old supernova remnant, currently in the ``pressure-driven snowplow'' regime.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13697
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Guitar Nebula: extreme accelerator in extreme environment
Nikonorov, Igor Nikolaevich
Barkov, Maxim Vladimirovich
Lyutikov, Maxim
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Guitar nebula is a prime example of a class of bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), powered by a wind of a supersonically moving neutron star. Bow-shock PWNe can probe particle acceleration processes in relativistic pulsar winds, as well as the structure of the interstellar medium (ISM). We demonstrate that the Guitar is an exceptional object in a number of ways. First, particles escaping the PWN and forming the X-ray ``kinetic jet'' need to be accelerated to the energies corresponding to the maximal electric potential of the neutron star $η_\text{acc}\gtrsim 3/4$ : it is another example of the class of extreme accelerators. Second, exceptionally bright H$_α$ emission requires that the central pulsar PSR J2225+6535 passes through a dense, low ionization ISM region. Bright X-ray emission of the ``kinetic jet'' then also requires exceptionally high magnetic field, $\sim 100~μ$G. We hypothesize that Guitar passes through the one of long-predicted, narrow dense shells of an old supernova remnant, currently in the ``pressure-driven snowplow'' regime.
title Guitar Nebula: extreme accelerator in extreme environment
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13697