The Hunt for Red Dual AGNs I: Spatially-Resolved Mid-IR Dual AGNs in the DeCam Legacy Survey
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Pfeifle, Ryan W. Weaver, Kimberly A. Rothberg, Barry McCarthy, Miranda Schwartzman, Emma Secrest, Nathan J. Boorman, Peter G. Stern, Daniel Piotrowska, Joanna McCarthy, Kevin Moravec, Emily Cann, Jenna M. Engle, Kimberly Mullaney, Kyla Tanner, Ryan Whalen, Kelly |
| author_facet | Pfeifle, Ryan W. Weaver, Kimberly A. Rothberg, Barry McCarthy, Miranda Schwartzman, Emma Secrest, Nathan J. Boorman, Peter G. Stern, Daniel Piotrowska, Joanna McCarthy, Kevin Moravec, Emily Cann, Jenna M. Engle, Kimberly Mullaney, Kyla Tanner, Ryan Whalen, Kelly |
| contents | Theoretical studies predict that dual AGNs are a critical stage of galaxy merger-driven supermassive black hole growth. Systematic searches for dual AGNs typically target late-stage mergers ($\leq10$ kpc nuclear separations) and select AGNs based on optical diagnostics. Yet, simulations predict that obscuration can occur early in the merger sequence, and that a significant fraction of dual AGNs can be found beyond $10$ kpc. Here, we report on a new sample of 157 spatially resolved mid-IR dual AGNs candidates selected based upon their mid-IR $W1-W2$ colors from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer and optically classified as galaxy merger candidates using imaging from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey. Spectroscopic results are presented for approximately 2/3 of the sample. 76 candidates have been confirmed to reside in galaxy mergers; among these, 13 have been confirmed as bona fide mid-IR dual AGNs, while 63 represent strong dual AGN candidates that require further examination. 46 candidates have been rejected as non-merger contaminants (foreground-background AGNs, separations inconsistent with interacting galaxies, etc.). 35 candidates still await spectroscopic coverage. The confirmed and high confidence dual AGN candidates exhibit separations of 14.5-129 kpc; $>50$% reside at separations $>50$ kpc. Confirmed and high confidence candidates also exhibit a diversity of nuclear optical BPT classes. Seyfert-Seyferts and Seyfert-HIIs dominate the overall BPT pairs sample. 31% of confirmed mid-IR dual AGNs reside in multi-mergers involving three or more galaxies. The diversity in AGN properties and environments identified in this work highlights the importance of multiwavelength selection strategies and analyses in the quest to holistically understand dual AGNs as a population. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13946 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Hunt for Red Dual AGNs I: Spatially-Resolved Mid-IR Dual AGNs in the DeCam Legacy Survey Pfeifle, Ryan W. Weaver, Kimberly A. Rothberg, Barry McCarthy, Miranda Schwartzman, Emma Secrest, Nathan J. Boorman, Peter G. Stern, Daniel Piotrowska, Joanna McCarthy, Kevin Moravec, Emily Cann, Jenna M. Engle, Kimberly Mullaney, Kyla Tanner, Ryan Whalen, Kelly Astrophysics of Galaxies Theoretical studies predict that dual AGNs are a critical stage of galaxy merger-driven supermassive black hole growth. Systematic searches for dual AGNs typically target late-stage mergers ($\leq10$ kpc nuclear separations) and select AGNs based on optical diagnostics. Yet, simulations predict that obscuration can occur early in the merger sequence, and that a significant fraction of dual AGNs can be found beyond $10$ kpc. Here, we report on a new sample of 157 spatially resolved mid-IR dual AGNs candidates selected based upon their mid-IR $W1-W2$ colors from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer and optically classified as galaxy merger candidates using imaging from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey. Spectroscopic results are presented for approximately 2/3 of the sample. 76 candidates have been confirmed to reside in galaxy mergers; among these, 13 have been confirmed as bona fide mid-IR dual AGNs, while 63 represent strong dual AGN candidates that require further examination. 46 candidates have been rejected as non-merger contaminants (foreground-background AGNs, separations inconsistent with interacting galaxies, etc.). 35 candidates still await spectroscopic coverage. The confirmed and high confidence dual AGN candidates exhibit separations of 14.5-129 kpc; $>50$% reside at separations $>50$ kpc. Confirmed and high confidence candidates also exhibit a diversity of nuclear optical BPT classes. Seyfert-Seyferts and Seyfert-HIIs dominate the overall BPT pairs sample. 31% of confirmed mid-IR dual AGNs reside in multi-mergers involving three or more galaxies. The diversity in AGN properties and environments identified in this work highlights the importance of multiwavelength selection strategies and analyses in the quest to holistically understand dual AGNs as a population. |
| title | The Hunt for Red Dual AGNs I: Spatially-Resolved Mid-IR Dual AGNs in the DeCam Legacy Survey |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13946 |