Baryoid Dark Matter from $\mathbb{Z}_N$ Domain Walls: The $(N-1):1$ origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910218350231552 |
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| author | Bai, Yang Chen, Ting-Kuo |
| author_facet | Bai, Yang Chen, Ting-Kuo |
| contents | We propose an explanation for the dark matter-baryon coincidence based on collapsing $\mathbb{Z}_N$ domain walls, which form a novel compact baryonic state: the baryoid. A baryoid has an asteroid-scale mass and up-to-nuclear-scale energy density, and can serve as a dark matter candidate. Starting from equal baryon numbers in the domains formed in the early universe, the collapse of the domain walls after the QCD phase transition leads to a baryon-number ratio of $(N-1):1$ between the false- and true-vacuum domains. Since baryons are slightly lighter in the false-vacuum domains than in the true-vacuum domain, the resulting dark matter-to-baryon energy-density ratio is naturally close to, but slightly smaller than, $(N-1):1$, or $6:1$ for $N=7$. We calculate the domain-wall dynamics and the efficiency of baryon-number trapping, derive the resulting baryoid properties, and discuss a broad set of phenomenological probes. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_13958 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Baryoid Dark Matter from $\mathbb{Z}_N$ Domain Walls: The $(N-1):1$ origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence Bai, Yang Chen, Ting-Kuo High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics We propose an explanation for the dark matter-baryon coincidence based on collapsing $\mathbb{Z}_N$ domain walls, which form a novel compact baryonic state: the baryoid. A baryoid has an asteroid-scale mass and up-to-nuclear-scale energy density, and can serve as a dark matter candidate. Starting from equal baryon numbers in the domains formed in the early universe, the collapse of the domain walls after the QCD phase transition leads to a baryon-number ratio of $(N-1):1$ between the false- and true-vacuum domains. Since baryons are slightly lighter in the false-vacuum domains than in the true-vacuum domain, the resulting dark matter-to-baryon energy-density ratio is naturally close to, but slightly smaller than, $(N-1):1$, or $6:1$ for $N=7$. We calculate the domain-wall dynamics and the efficiency of baryon-number trapping, derive the resulting baryoid properties, and discuss a broad set of phenomenological probes. |
| title | Baryoid Dark Matter from $\mathbb{Z}_N$ Domain Walls: The $(N-1):1$ origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13958 |