Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lin, Xubo, Deng, Zezhi, Wang, Shihao, Yang, Grace Hui, Deng, Yang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14057
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866914568721137664
author Lin, Xubo
Deng, Zezhi
Wang, Shihao
Yang, Grace Hui
Deng, Yang
author_facet Lin, Xubo
Deng, Zezhi
Wang, Shihao
Yang, Grace Hui
Deng, Yang
contents Most existing dialogue systems are user-driven, primarily designed to fulfill user requests. However, in many critical real-world scenarios, a conversational agent must proactively extract information to achieve its own objectives rather than merely respond. To address this gap, we introduce Inquisitive Conversational Agents (ICAs) and develop an ICA specifically tailored to U.S. Supreme Court oral arguments. We propose a Dual Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning framework featuring two cooperating RL agents, each with its own policy, to coordinate strategic dialogue management and fine-grained utterance generation. By learning when and how to ask probing questions, the agent emulates judicial questioning patterns and systematically uncovers crucial information to fulfill its legal objectives. Evaluations on a U.S. Supreme Court dataset show that our method outperforms various baselines across multiple metrics. It represents an important first step toward broader high-stakes, domain-specific applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_14057
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dual Hierarchical Dialogue Policy Learning for Legal Inquisitive Conversational Agents
Lin, Xubo
Deng, Zezhi
Wang, Shihao
Yang, Grace Hui
Deng, Yang
Computation and Language
Most existing dialogue systems are user-driven, primarily designed to fulfill user requests. However, in many critical real-world scenarios, a conversational agent must proactively extract information to achieve its own objectives rather than merely respond. To address this gap, we introduce Inquisitive Conversational Agents (ICAs) and develop an ICA specifically tailored to U.S. Supreme Court oral arguments. We propose a Dual Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning framework featuring two cooperating RL agents, each with its own policy, to coordinate strategic dialogue management and fine-grained utterance generation. By learning when and how to ask probing questions, the agent emulates judicial questioning patterns and systematically uncovers crucial information to fulfill its legal objectives. Evaluations on a U.S. Supreme Court dataset show that our method outperforms various baselines across multiple metrics. It represents an important first step toward broader high-stakes, domain-specific applications.
title Dual Hierarchical Dialogue Policy Learning for Legal Inquisitive Conversational Agents
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14057