MetaAgent-X : Breaking the Ceiling of Automatic Multi-Agent Systems via End-to-End Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Yaolun, Zhao, Yujie, Wang, Nan, Wu, Yiran, Chang, Jiayu, Chen, Yizhao, Wu, Qingyun, Zhao, Jishen, Wang, Huazheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Zhang, Yaolun
Zhao, Yujie
Wang, Nan
Wu, Yiran
Chang, Jiayu
Chen, Yizhao
Wu, Qingyun
Zhao, Jishen
Wang, Huazheng
author_facet Zhang, Yaolun
Zhao, Yujie
Wang, Nan
Wu, Yiran
Chang, Jiayu
Chen, Yizhao
Wu, Qingyun
Zhao, Jishen
Wang, Huazheng
contents Automatic multi-agent systems aim to instantiate agent workflows without relying on manually designed or fixed orchestration. However, existing automatic MAS approaches remain only partially adaptive: they either perform training-free test-time search or optimize the meta-level designer while keeping downstream execution agents frozen, which creating a frozen-executor ceiling and leaving the end-to-end training of self-designing and self-executing agentic models unexplored. To address this, we introduce MetaAgent-X, an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework that jointly optimizes automatic MAS design and execution. MetaAgent-X enables script-based MAS generation, execution rollout collection, and credit assignment for both designer and executor trajectories. To support stable and scalable optimization, we propose Executor Designer Hierarchical Rollout and Stagewise Co-evolution to improve training stability and expose the dynamics of designer-executor co-evolution. MetaAgent-X consistently outperforms existing automatic MAS baselines, achieving up to 21.7% gains. Comprehensive ablations show that both designer and executor improve throughout training, and that effective automatic MAS learning follows a stagewise co-evolution process. These results establish end-to-end trainable automatic MAS as a practical paradigm for building self-designing and self-executing agentic models.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_14212
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MetaAgent-X : Breaking the Ceiling of Automatic Multi-Agent Systems via End-to-End Reinforcement Learning
Zhang, Yaolun
Zhao, Yujie
Wang, Nan
Wu, Yiran
Chang, Jiayu
Chen, Yizhao
Wu, Qingyun
Zhao, Jishen
Wang, Huazheng
Artificial Intelligence
Automatic multi-agent systems aim to instantiate agent workflows without relying on manually designed or fixed orchestration. However, existing automatic MAS approaches remain only partially adaptive: they either perform training-free test-time search or optimize the meta-level designer while keeping downstream execution agents frozen, which creating a frozen-executor ceiling and leaving the end-to-end training of self-designing and self-executing agentic models unexplored. To address this, we introduce MetaAgent-X, an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework that jointly optimizes automatic MAS design and execution. MetaAgent-X enables script-based MAS generation, execution rollout collection, and credit assignment for both designer and executor trajectories. To support stable and scalable optimization, we propose Executor Designer Hierarchical Rollout and Stagewise Co-evolution to improve training stability and expose the dynamics of designer-executor co-evolution. MetaAgent-X consistently outperforms existing automatic MAS baselines, achieving up to 21.7% gains. Comprehensive ablations show that both designer and executor improve throughout training, and that effective automatic MAS learning follows a stagewise co-evolution process. These results establish end-to-end trainable automatic MAS as a practical paradigm for building self-designing and self-executing agentic models.
title MetaAgent-X : Breaking the Ceiling of Automatic Multi-Agent Systems via End-to-End Reinforcement Learning
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14212