Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nohejl, Adam, Wu, Xuanxin, Ide, Yusuke, Machin, Maria Angelica Riera, Chang, Yi-Ning, Yanaka, Hitomi
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14257
Etiquetas: Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
_version_ 1866911704123703296
author Nohejl, Adam
Wu, Xuanxin
Ide, Yusuke
Machin, Maria Angelica Riera
Chang, Yi-Ning
Yanaka, Hitomi
author_facet Nohejl, Adam
Wu, Xuanxin
Ide, Yusuke
Machin, Maria Angelica Riera
Chang, Yi-Ning
Yanaka, Hitomi
contents We describe two types of models for vocabulary difficulty prediction: a high-accuracy black-box model, which achieved the top shared task result in the open track, and an explainable model, which outperforms a fine-tuned encoder baseline. As the black-box model, we fine-tuned an LLM using a soft-target loss function for effective application to the rating task, achieving r > 0.91. The explainable model provides insights into what impacts the difficulty of each item while maintaining a strong correlation (r > 0.77). We further analyze the results, demonstrating that the difficulty of items in the British Council's Knowledge-based Vocabulary Lists (KVL) is often affected by spelling difficulty or the construction of the test items, in addition to the genuine production difficulty of the words. We make our code available online at https://github.com/ynklab/vocabulary-difficulty .
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_14257
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sakura at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: What Makes Vocabulary Difficult?
Nohejl, Adam
Wu, Xuanxin
Ide, Yusuke
Machin, Maria Angelica Riera
Chang, Yi-Ning
Yanaka, Hitomi
Computation and Language
We describe two types of models for vocabulary difficulty prediction: a high-accuracy black-box model, which achieved the top shared task result in the open track, and an explainable model, which outperforms a fine-tuned encoder baseline. As the black-box model, we fine-tuned an LLM using a soft-target loss function for effective application to the rating task, achieving r > 0.91. The explainable model provides insights into what impacts the difficulty of each item while maintaining a strong correlation (r > 0.77). We further analyze the results, demonstrating that the difficulty of items in the British Council's Knowledge-based Vocabulary Lists (KVL) is often affected by spelling difficulty or the construction of the test items, in addition to the genuine production difficulty of the words. We make our code available online at https://github.com/ynklab/vocabulary-difficulty .
title Sakura at BEA 2026 Shared Task 1: What Makes Vocabulary Difficult?
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14257