Synthesizing POMDP Policies: Sampling Meets Model-checking via Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Chakraborty, Debraj, Majumdar, Anirban, Mathew, Prince, Mukherjee, Sayan, Raskin, Jean-François
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Chakraborty, Debraj
Majumdar, Anirban
Mathew, Prince
Mukherjee, Sayan
Raskin, Jean-François
author_facet Chakraborty, Debraj
Majumdar, Anirban
Mathew, Prince
Mukherjee, Sayan
Raskin, Jean-François
contents Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are the standard framework for decision-making under uncertainty. While sampling-based methods scale well, they lack formal correctness guarantees, making them unsuitable for safety-critical applications. Conversely, formal synthesis techniques provide correctness-by-construction but often struggle with scalability, as general POMDP synthesis is undecidable. To bridge this gap, we propose a synthesis framework that integrates sampling, automata learning, and model-checking. Inspired by Angluin's $L^*$ algorithm, our approach utilizes sampling as a membership oracle and model-checking as an equivalence oracle. This enables the synthesis of finite-state controllers with formal guarantees, provided the sampling-induced policy is regular. We establish a relative completeness result for this framework. Experimental results from our prototypical implementation demonstrate that this method successfully solves threshold-safety problems that remain challenging for existing formal synthesis tools. We believe our algorithm serves as a valuable component in a portfolio approach to tackling the inherent difficulty of POMDP synthesis problems.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_14440
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publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Synthesizing POMDP Policies: Sampling Meets Model-checking via Learning
Chakraborty, Debraj
Majumdar, Anirban
Mathew, Prince
Mukherjee, Sayan
Raskin, Jean-François
Artificial Intelligence
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Logic in Computer Science
Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are the standard framework for decision-making under uncertainty. While sampling-based methods scale well, they lack formal correctness guarantees, making them unsuitable for safety-critical applications. Conversely, formal synthesis techniques provide correctness-by-construction but often struggle with scalability, as general POMDP synthesis is undecidable. To bridge this gap, we propose a synthesis framework that integrates sampling, automata learning, and model-checking. Inspired by Angluin's $L^*$ algorithm, our approach utilizes sampling as a membership oracle and model-checking as an equivalence oracle. This enables the synthesis of finite-state controllers with formal guarantees, provided the sampling-induced policy is regular. We establish a relative completeness result for this framework. Experimental results from our prototypical implementation demonstrate that this method successfully solves threshold-safety problems that remain challenging for existing formal synthesis tools. We believe our algorithm serves as a valuable component in a portfolio approach to tackling the inherent difficulty of POMDP synthesis problems.
title Synthesizing POMDP Policies: Sampling Meets Model-checking via Learning
topic Artificial Intelligence
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Logic in Computer Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14440