Discovery of a Compact Hub-Filament System in G286.21+0.17 with JWST and ALMA: Insights into Protocluster Formation and Competitive Accretion
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2026
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| author | Dewangan, L. K. Bhadari, N. K. Yadav, Ram K. Maity, A. K. Jadhav, O. R. Kim, Kee-Tae Goldsmith, Paul F. Saha, A. Alina, Dana Lee, Chang Won Sharma, Saurabh Liu, Tie Sanhueza, Patricio Baug, Tapas Sharma, E. Xu, Fengwei Hoque, Ariful Chibueze, James O. Makarova, Dana Jiao, Wenyu |
| author_facet | Dewangan, L. K. Bhadari, N. K. Yadav, Ram K. Maity, A. K. Jadhav, O. R. Kim, Kee-Tae Goldsmith, Paul F. Saha, A. Alina, Dana Lee, Chang Won Sharma, Saurabh Liu, Tie Sanhueza, Patricio Baug, Tapas Sharma, E. Xu, Fengwei Hoque, Ariful Chibueze, James O. Makarova, Dana Jiao, Wenyu |
| contents | We present a multi-wavelength study of the massive protocluster G286.21+0.17 (G286) using \emph{JWST} near-infrared imaging and ALMA H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$(1--0) observations. The \emph{JWST} images uncover a compact ($\sim$0.5 pc) hub-filament system (HFS), comprising a dense central hub connected by at least four converging filaments seen in absorption, along with multiple H$_2$ protostellar jets/outflows. The hub hosts dense core G286c1. The H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$ emission confirms this HFS over [$-$19.2, $-$16.4]~km~s$^{-1}$. The \emph{JWST} images further trace prominent photodissociation regions around the H\,{\sc ii}~region~A, powered by a B-type star. The radial distribution of ALMAGAL 1.38 mm core properties reveals steep power-law slopes toward the hub center. Within the inner hub (r < 8'', $\sim0.1$~pc), the core number density follows $ρ~[\rm pc^{-2}] \propto r^{-2.4\pm0.5}$, the surface density scales as $Σ~[\rm g~cm^{-2}] \propto r^{-1.0\pm0.2}$, and the enclosed core mass varies as $M_{\rm core}~[M_{\odot}] \propto r^{-1.2\pm0.2}$, while core diameters remain approximately constant ($D_{\rm core}~[\rm AU] \propto r^{-0.1\pm0.1}$). These trends, along with filament mass accretion rates of $7\times10^{-6}$--$1.8\times10^{-4}$~$M_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$, support a competitive accretion scenario in which gravitational focusing enhances core growth toward the hub center. Filament linewidths increase from tail/outer-region to head/hub-region, consistent with gravity-driven turbulence. However, the absence of a preferred alignment between velocity gradients and gravitational force directions may indicate a dynamically evolved system. The HFS likely formed through large-scale gas layer interactions and compression by the adjacent H\,{\sc ii} region. Overall, star formation in G286 appears regulated by filamentary accretion, competitive core growth in the hub, and stellar feedback. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_14693 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Discovery of a Compact Hub-Filament System in G286.21+0.17 with JWST and ALMA: Insights into Protocluster Formation and Competitive Accretion Dewangan, L. K. Bhadari, N. K. Yadav, Ram K. Maity, A. K. Jadhav, O. R. Kim, Kee-Tae Goldsmith, Paul F. Saha, A. Alina, Dana Lee, Chang Won Sharma, Saurabh Liu, Tie Sanhueza, Patricio Baug, Tapas Sharma, E. Xu, Fengwei Hoque, Ariful Chibueze, James O. Makarova, Dana Jiao, Wenyu Astrophysics of Galaxies We present a multi-wavelength study of the massive protocluster G286.21+0.17 (G286) using \emph{JWST} near-infrared imaging and ALMA H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$(1--0) observations. The \emph{JWST} images uncover a compact ($\sim$0.5 pc) hub-filament system (HFS), comprising a dense central hub connected by at least four converging filaments seen in absorption, along with multiple H$_2$ protostellar jets/outflows. The hub hosts dense core G286c1. The H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$ emission confirms this HFS over [$-$19.2, $-$16.4]~km~s$^{-1}$. The \emph{JWST} images further trace prominent photodissociation regions around the H\,{\sc ii}~region~A, powered by a B-type star. The radial distribution of ALMAGAL 1.38 mm core properties reveals steep power-law slopes toward the hub center. Within the inner hub (r < 8'', $\sim0.1$~pc), the core number density follows $ρ~[\rm pc^{-2}] \propto r^{-2.4\pm0.5}$, the surface density scales as $Σ~[\rm g~cm^{-2}] \propto r^{-1.0\pm0.2}$, and the enclosed core mass varies as $M_{\rm core}~[M_{\odot}] \propto r^{-1.2\pm0.2}$, while core diameters remain approximately constant ($D_{\rm core}~[\rm AU] \propto r^{-0.1\pm0.1}$). These trends, along with filament mass accretion rates of $7\times10^{-6}$--$1.8\times10^{-4}$~$M_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$, support a competitive accretion scenario in which gravitational focusing enhances core growth toward the hub center. Filament linewidths increase from tail/outer-region to head/hub-region, consistent with gravity-driven turbulence. However, the absence of a preferred alignment between velocity gradients and gravitational force directions may indicate a dynamically evolved system. The HFS likely formed through large-scale gas layer interactions and compression by the adjacent H\,{\sc ii} region. Overall, star formation in G286 appears regulated by filamentary accretion, competitive core growth in the hub, and stellar feedback. |
| title | Discovery of a Compact Hub-Filament System in G286.21+0.17 with JWST and ALMA: Insights into Protocluster Formation and Competitive Accretion |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14693 |