Bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with first-order terms and negative potentials

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Morelato, Lorenzo Luciano, Poggio, Andrea
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866918501596266496
author Morelato, Lorenzo Luciano
Poggio, Andrea
author_facet Morelato, Lorenzo Luciano
Poggio, Andrea
contents This article establishes a bilinear embedding for second-order divergence-form operators with complex coefficients, characterized by the simultaneous presence of first-order terms and negative potentials. This work provides a further development of the theory initiated by Carbonaro and Dragičević for the homogeneous case, and recently extended by the second author to cases where first-order terms or negative potentials were treated in isolation. We work in the general setting of arbitrary open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^d$ under Dirichlet, Neumann, or mixed boundary conditions. Our main contribution is the introduction of a unified notion of generalized $p$-ellipticity that extends all its predecessors and serves as the natural condition for the bilinear inequality. Methodologically, we overcome the rigidity of the Bellman-heat method on arbitrary open subsets by introducing a novel sequence-based approach that unifies and simplifies the previous techniques. As fundamental applications, we prove the boundedness of the $H^\infty$-calculus on $L^p$ and establish $L^p$-maximal regularity. Moreover, we show that this generalized $p$-ellipticity provides a sufficient condition for the $L^p$-contractivity and $L^p$-analyticity of the generated semigroup.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_14699
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with first-order terms and negative potentials
Morelato, Lorenzo Luciano
Poggio, Andrea
Analysis of PDEs
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Functional Analysis
35J15, 47D06, 42B25, 47A60
This article establishes a bilinear embedding for second-order divergence-form operators with complex coefficients, characterized by the simultaneous presence of first-order terms and negative potentials. This work provides a further development of the theory initiated by Carbonaro and Dragičević for the homogeneous case, and recently extended by the second author to cases where first-order terms or negative potentials were treated in isolation. We work in the general setting of arbitrary open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^d$ under Dirichlet, Neumann, or mixed boundary conditions. Our main contribution is the introduction of a unified notion of generalized $p$-ellipticity that extends all its predecessors and serves as the natural condition for the bilinear inequality. Methodologically, we overcome the rigidity of the Bellman-heat method on arbitrary open subsets by introducing a novel sequence-based approach that unifies and simplifies the previous techniques. As fundamental applications, we prove the boundedness of the $H^\infty$-calculus on $L^p$ and establish $L^p$-maximal regularity. Moreover, we show that this generalized $p$-ellipticity provides a sufficient condition for the $L^p$-contractivity and $L^p$-analyticity of the generated semigroup.
title Bilinear embedding for divergence-form operators with first-order terms and negative potentials
topic Analysis of PDEs
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Functional Analysis
35J15, 47D06, 42B25, 47A60
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14699