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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15112 |
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| _version_ | 1866910222359986176 |
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| author | Duckenfield, T. J. Jess, D. B. Jafarzadeh, S. Schiavo, L. A. C. A. Silva, S. S. A. Grant, S. D. T. |
| author_facet | Duckenfield, T. J. Jess, D. B. Jafarzadeh, S. Schiavo, L. A. C. A. Silva, S. S. A. Grant, S. D. T. |
| contents | Solar pores possess irregular and evolving boundaries that are often far from the ideal circular flux tubes assumed in many magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillation models. To tackle this irregularity in a consistent way for wave analysis, we introduce a framework that employs the convex hull of the pore boundary - derived from intensity minimum error thresholding - as the domain to perform further analysis. Using the modal assurance criterion, we find the range of pore shapes for which this approximation is valid. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework by applying it to multi-height, high-cadence observations (4170 angstrom continuum, G-band, Na~\textsc{i}, and Ca~\textsc{ii}~K) of a solar pore, and apply Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the convex hull to determine wave modes. The fundamental sausage ($m=1$) and kink ($m=2$) mode is found to remain reliable, while higher-order fluting modes ($m\ge3$) are strongly degraded by small-scale boundary irregularity. As expected, sausage-like modes dominate the variance at all heights and exhibit a systematic upward shift in frequency, consistent with freely propagating compressive waves. In contrast, the kink-like motions appear weak, confined to a persistent low-frequency peak, and most plausibly interpreted as a forced response to granular buffeting rather than a propagating mode. Together, these results establish a practical methodology for boundary-mode analysis in real, highly structured pores and provide new constraints on the nature and height evolution of MHD waves in the lower solar atmosphere. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15112 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Analysing the highly irregular boundaries of solar pores Duckenfield, T. J. Jess, D. B. Jafarzadeh, S. Schiavo, L. A. C. A. Silva, S. S. A. Grant, S. D. T. Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Solar pores possess irregular and evolving boundaries that are often far from the ideal circular flux tubes assumed in many magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillation models. To tackle this irregularity in a consistent way for wave analysis, we introduce a framework that employs the convex hull of the pore boundary - derived from intensity minimum error thresholding - as the domain to perform further analysis. Using the modal assurance criterion, we find the range of pore shapes for which this approximation is valid. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework by applying it to multi-height, high-cadence observations (4170 angstrom continuum, G-band, Na~\textsc{i}, and Ca~\textsc{ii}~K) of a solar pore, and apply Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the convex hull to determine wave modes. The fundamental sausage ($m=1$) and kink ($m=2$) mode is found to remain reliable, while higher-order fluting modes ($m\ge3$) are strongly degraded by small-scale boundary irregularity. As expected, sausage-like modes dominate the variance at all heights and exhibit a systematic upward shift in frequency, consistent with freely propagating compressive waves. In contrast, the kink-like motions appear weak, confined to a persistent low-frequency peak, and most plausibly interpreted as a forced response to granular buffeting rather than a propagating mode. Together, these results establish a practical methodology for boundary-mode analysis in real, highly structured pores and provide new constraints on the nature and height evolution of MHD waves in the lower solar atmosphere. |
| title | Analysing the highly irregular boundaries of solar pores |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15112 |