Control-Plane Openness in Near-Term Quantum Computing: A Survey of Vendor Stacks and Field Implications

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Malarchick, Rylan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Malarchick, Rylan
author_facet Malarchick, Rylan
contents Public access to pulse-level and control-electronics interfaces in commercial quantum computing has bifurcated. The largest superconducting cloud platforms have closed access at this layer, with IBM removing pulse-level control from all production QPUs in February 2025; mid-tier superconducting vendors and the more open neutral-atom platforms have moved in the opposite direction. We survey thirteen commercial vendors across superconducting, trapped-ion, neutral-atom, and photonic modalities, grading each on six axes of openness at what we call the control plane: the layer between gate-level circuit specification and physical control electronics. The catalog ships as a separate machine-readable artifact under CC-BY-4.0 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20163276). The bifurcation is documented row by row, with implications for reproducibility, hardware-aware research, and cross-vendor benchmarking. We do not propose an architecture or a reference implementation; we describe what the field has lost as the access landscape has shifted, and what minimally open access at this layer would have to look like.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15233
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Control-Plane Openness in Near-Term Quantum Computing: A Survey of Vendor Stacks and Field Implications
Malarchick, Rylan
Quantum Physics
Emerging Technologies
Public access to pulse-level and control-electronics interfaces in commercial quantum computing has bifurcated. The largest superconducting cloud platforms have closed access at this layer, with IBM removing pulse-level control from all production QPUs in February 2025; mid-tier superconducting vendors and the more open neutral-atom platforms have moved in the opposite direction. We survey thirteen commercial vendors across superconducting, trapped-ion, neutral-atom, and photonic modalities, grading each on six axes of openness at what we call the control plane: the layer between gate-level circuit specification and physical control electronics. The catalog ships as a separate machine-readable artifact under CC-BY-4.0 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20163276). The bifurcation is documented row by row, with implications for reproducibility, hardware-aware research, and cross-vendor benchmarking. We do not propose an architecture or a reference implementation; we describe what the field has lost as the access landscape has shifted, and what minimally open access at this layer would have to look like.
title Control-Plane Openness in Near-Term Quantum Computing: A Survey of Vendor Stacks and Field Implications
topic Quantum Physics
Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15233