The Millimeter/X-ray Relation in Rapidly Accreting Supermassive Black Holes at z <0.16
Fuente:
arXiv
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866909044358250496 |
|---|---|
| author | Venselaar, Sophie M. Ricci, Claudio Del Palacio, Santiago Gupta, Kriti K. Chang, Chin-Shin Serafinelli, Roberto Magno, Macon A. Mushotzky, Richard Shablovinskaya, Elena Kawamuro, Taiki Treister, Ezequiel Elford, Jacob S. Aalto, Susanne Privon, George C. Koss, Michael J. |
| author_facet | Venselaar, Sophie M. Ricci, Claudio Del Palacio, Santiago Gupta, Kriti K. Chang, Chin-Shin Serafinelli, Roberto Magno, Macon A. Mushotzky, Richard Shablovinskaya, Elena Kawamuro, Taiki Treister, Ezequiel Elford, Jacob S. Aalto, Susanne Privon, George C. Koss, Michael J. |
| contents | A tight correlation between nuclear millimeter (mm) and X-ray emission has recently been found in nearby ($z < 0.01$) and low-Eddington ratio ($\rm λ_{Edd} < 0.1$) radio-quiet (RQ) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), suggesting a common origin in the hot X-ray corona. We test this relation in nine more distant RQ AGN ($z \sim 0.06-0.16$) with higher bolometric luminosities ($\log(L_{\rm bol}/\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}})=45.3-46.3$), Eddington ratios ($\rm λ_{Edd} = 0.19-0.85$), and X-ray bolometric corrections ($κ_{2-10}=29-194$), selected from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) survey. We obtained quasi-simultaneous observations with Swift at 2-10 keV and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 100 GHz and with high angular resolution ($<0.14$"). We find that these high-luminosity AGN lie above the mm/X-ray correlation defined by lower-luminosity sources. A joint fit to both samples yields a second-degree polynomial with an intrinsic scatter of 0.32 dex. Furthermore, the mm emission correlates linearly with both the UV disk luminosity and $L_{\rm bol}$, with intrinsic scatters of 0.45 and 0.35 dex, respectively. We propose that the deviation from the linear mm/X-ray relation arises from a two-component coronal electron population: thermal electrons that produce X-rays, but become less efficient at higher luminosities, and non-thermal electrons that produce mm emission and remain tied to $L_{\rm bol}$. Additional mm emission from outflow-driven shocks may also contribute, though SED modeling and spectral index studies favor a coronal origin. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15313 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Millimeter/X-ray Relation in Rapidly Accreting Supermassive Black Holes at z <0.16 Venselaar, Sophie M. Ricci, Claudio Del Palacio, Santiago Gupta, Kriti K. Chang, Chin-Shin Serafinelli, Roberto Magno, Macon A. Mushotzky, Richard Shablovinskaya, Elena Kawamuro, Taiki Treister, Ezequiel Elford, Jacob S. Aalto, Susanne Privon, George C. Koss, Michael J. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies A tight correlation between nuclear millimeter (mm) and X-ray emission has recently been found in nearby ($z < 0.01$) and low-Eddington ratio ($\rm λ_{Edd} < 0.1$) radio-quiet (RQ) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), suggesting a common origin in the hot X-ray corona. We test this relation in nine more distant RQ AGN ($z \sim 0.06-0.16$) with higher bolometric luminosities ($\log(L_{\rm bol}/\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}})=45.3-46.3$), Eddington ratios ($\rm λ_{Edd} = 0.19-0.85$), and X-ray bolometric corrections ($κ_{2-10}=29-194$), selected from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) survey. We obtained quasi-simultaneous observations with Swift at 2-10 keV and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 100 GHz and with high angular resolution ($<0.14$"). We find that these high-luminosity AGN lie above the mm/X-ray correlation defined by lower-luminosity sources. A joint fit to both samples yields a second-degree polynomial with an intrinsic scatter of 0.32 dex. Furthermore, the mm emission correlates linearly with both the UV disk luminosity and $L_{\rm bol}$, with intrinsic scatters of 0.45 and 0.35 dex, respectively. We propose that the deviation from the linear mm/X-ray relation arises from a two-component coronal electron population: thermal electrons that produce X-rays, but become less efficient at higher luminosities, and non-thermal electrons that produce mm emission and remain tied to $L_{\rm bol}$. Additional mm emission from outflow-driven shocks may also contribute, though SED modeling and spectral index studies favor a coronal origin. |
| title | The Millimeter/X-ray Relation in Rapidly Accreting Supermassive Black Holes at z <0.16 |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15313 |