Forward hadron production in pp collisions at LHC energies from an event generator based on the color glass condensate framework

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Main Authors: Fujii, Hirotsugu, Hirano, Tetsufumi, Itakura, Kazunori, Nara, Yasushi, Zhao, Shujun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Fujii, Hirotsugu
Hirano, Tetsufumi
Itakura, Kazunori
Nara, Yasushi
Zhao, Shujun
author_facet Fujii, Hirotsugu
Hirano, Tetsufumi
Itakura, Kazunori
Nara, Yasushi
Zhao, Shujun
contents We investigate inclusive forward single-hadron production in high-energy proton--proton collisions using a CGC-inspired Monte Carlo event generator, MC-CGC. We carried out a systematic study of the sensitivity of the running-coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov (rcBK) evolution equation to its initial conditions by comparing three parameterizations: the McLerran-Venugopalan (MV) model and its two HERA DIS-constrained variants, MV$^γ$ and MV$^e$. Our results indicate that the current LHCb data favor the MV$^γ$ and MV$^e$ models, while the differences from the original MV model become more pronounced at higher transverse momentum and at mid-rapidity. As a complementary analysis, we also compared the dilute-dense (DHJ factorization) and dense-dense ($k_T$ factorization) frameworks. We found that the $k_T$ factorization framework provides a better description of the particle production spectra at mid-rapidity than the DHJ framework, where both the projectile and target are in the dense regime at LHC energies. Predictions for the FoCal measurements at ALICE, including the production of identified neutral mesons and jets, are also presented.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15494
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Forward hadron production in pp collisions at LHC energies from an event generator based on the color glass condensate framework
Fujii, Hirotsugu
Hirano, Tetsufumi
Itakura, Kazunori
Nara, Yasushi
Zhao, Shujun
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Experiment
Nuclear Theory
We investigate inclusive forward single-hadron production in high-energy proton--proton collisions using a CGC-inspired Monte Carlo event generator, MC-CGC. We carried out a systematic study of the sensitivity of the running-coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov (rcBK) evolution equation to its initial conditions by comparing three parameterizations: the McLerran-Venugopalan (MV) model and its two HERA DIS-constrained variants, MV$^γ$ and MV$^e$. Our results indicate that the current LHCb data favor the MV$^γ$ and MV$^e$ models, while the differences from the original MV model become more pronounced at higher transverse momentum and at mid-rapidity. As a complementary analysis, we also compared the dilute-dense (DHJ factorization) and dense-dense ($k_T$ factorization) frameworks. We found that the $k_T$ factorization framework provides a better description of the particle production spectra at mid-rapidity than the DHJ framework, where both the projectile and target are in the dense regime at LHC energies. Predictions for the FoCal measurements at ALICE, including the production of identified neutral mesons and jets, are also presented.
title Forward hadron production in pp collisions at LHC energies from an event generator based on the color glass condensate framework
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Experiment
Nuclear Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15494