Pretraining Objective Matters in Extreme Low-Data FGVC: A Backbone-Controlled Study

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Hackett, Alexander, Thudumu, Srikanth, Fisher, Ginny, Fisher, Jason
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Hackett, Alexander
Thudumu, Srikanth
Fisher, Ginny
Fisher, Jason
author_facet Hackett, Alexander
Thudumu, Srikanth
Fisher, Ginny
Fisher, Jason
contents Extreme low-data fine-grained classification is common in expert domains where labeling is expensive, yet practitioners still need principled guidance for selecting pretrained encoders. We study emerald inclusion grading with a custom dataset of labeled images across three classes and ask: under matched backbone capacity, how does pretraining objective affect downstream representation quality? We compare four frozen ViT-B/16 encoders trained with supervised classification, contrastive learning (SigLIP2), masked reconstruction (MAE), and self-distillation (DINOv3), and evaluate them with leave-one-out cross-validation using linear and nonlinear probes. To control statistical noise in the low-N regime, we use permutation testing (N=1000) on macro one-vs-rest AUC. Supervised and contrastive encoders provide the strongest linear separability (logistic AUC: 0.768 and 0.735; SVM AUC: 0.739 and 0.697), while MAE improves under nonlinear probes (XGBoost AUC: 0.713). We find that DINOv3 underperforms across probe families in this domain. These results support a practical recommendation for extreme low-data FGVC: prioritize margin-enforcing pretraining objectives when data scarcity restricts probing to linear decision rules, and consider reconstruction-style encoders when nonlinear classifiers are feasible given dataset constraints.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15599
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Pretraining Objective Matters in Extreme Low-Data FGVC: A Backbone-Controlled Study
Hackett, Alexander
Thudumu, Srikanth
Fisher, Ginny
Fisher, Jason
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Extreme low-data fine-grained classification is common in expert domains where labeling is expensive, yet practitioners still need principled guidance for selecting pretrained encoders. We study emerald inclusion grading with a custom dataset of labeled images across three classes and ask: under matched backbone capacity, how does pretraining objective affect downstream representation quality? We compare four frozen ViT-B/16 encoders trained with supervised classification, contrastive learning (SigLIP2), masked reconstruction (MAE), and self-distillation (DINOv3), and evaluate them with leave-one-out cross-validation using linear and nonlinear probes. To control statistical noise in the low-N regime, we use permutation testing (N=1000) on macro one-vs-rest AUC. Supervised and contrastive encoders provide the strongest linear separability (logistic AUC: 0.768 and 0.735; SVM AUC: 0.739 and 0.697), while MAE improves under nonlinear probes (XGBoost AUC: 0.713). We find that DINOv3 underperforms across probe families in this domain. These results support a practical recommendation for extreme low-data FGVC: prioritize margin-enforcing pretraining objectives when data scarcity restricts probing to linear decision rules, and consider reconstruction-style encoders when nonlinear classifiers are feasible given dataset constraints.
title Pretraining Objective Matters in Extreme Low-Data FGVC: A Backbone-Controlled Study
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15599