Toward LLMs Beyond English-Centric Development

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Takase, Sho, Honda, Ukyo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Takase, Sho
Honda, Ukyo
author_facet Takase, Sho
Honda, Ukyo
contents Through an analysis of sequences generated by open-weight large language models (LLMs), we demonstrate that LLMs are heavily biased toward English. While continual pre-training is commonly used to adapt LLMs to a target language, we show that it does not offer a cost advantage over training from scratch, even for improving cultural understanding in the target language. These findings suggest that dedicated per-language investment may become increasingly important for future LLM development, rather than relying primarily on the expansion of English-centric resources.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15613
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Toward LLMs Beyond English-Centric Development
Takase, Sho
Honda, Ukyo
Computation and Language
Through an analysis of sequences generated by open-weight large language models (LLMs), we demonstrate that LLMs are heavily biased toward English. While continual pre-training is commonly used to adapt LLMs to a target language, we show that it does not offer a cost advantage over training from scratch, even for improving cultural understanding in the target language. These findings suggest that dedicated per-language investment may become increasingly important for future LLM development, rather than relying primarily on the expansion of English-centric resources.
title Toward LLMs Beyond English-Centric Development
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15613