About Time: Observation of Time-Reflection at Optical Frequencies

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Segal, Ohad, Konforty, Noa, Schiller, Oded, Tolchin, Maxwell J., Yasniger, Tony, Birk, Michael, Palatnik, Alexander, Saha, Soham, Sidorenko, Pavel, Maria, Jon-Paul, Plotnik, Yonatan, Segev, Mordechai
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Segal, Ohad
Konforty, Noa
Schiller, Oded
Tolchin, Maxwell J.
Yasniger, Tony
Birk, Michael
Palatnik, Alexander
Saha, Soham
Sidorenko, Pavel
Maria, Jon-Paul
Plotnik, Yonatan
Segev, Mordechai
author_facet Segal, Ohad
Konforty, Noa
Schiller, Oded
Tolchin, Maxwell J.
Yasniger, Tony
Birk, Michael
Palatnik, Alexander
Saha, Soham
Sidorenko, Pavel
Maria, Jon-Paul
Plotnik, Yonatan
Segev, Mordechai
contents Time-reflection occurs when a wave is propagating in a medium undergoing a large and abrupt change in its properties: the original wave splits into a time-refracted wave and a time-reflected wave, each displaying different features. The time-refracted wave continues along its original course but experiences a frequency shift, whereas the time-reflected wave is propagating backwards in space with a reversed phase, also with a shifted frequency. These phenomena are fundamental to any wave system, but the most interesting are electromagnetic (EM) waves, specifically at optical frequencies, where they can couple to light-matter interactions. However, time-reflection of EM waves was thus far observed only at RF frequencies, never at optical frequencies. This is because time-reflection requires an order-unity variation of the refractive index occurring faster than a single wave cycle, and conventional optical nonlinearities are either too weak or too slow by orders of magnitude. Here, we present the first observation of time-reflection at optical frequencies. We induce an order-unity refractive-index change with sub-cycle duration, observe the time-reflection, and study its fundamental properties. These results provide an experimental pathway to experimenting with time-interfaces, generating photonic time-crystals and exploring new regimes of light-matter interaction in time-varying media.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15632
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle About Time: Observation of Time-Reflection at Optical Frequencies
Segal, Ohad
Konforty, Noa
Schiller, Oded
Tolchin, Maxwell J.
Yasniger, Tony
Birk, Michael
Palatnik, Alexander
Saha, Soham
Sidorenko, Pavel
Maria, Jon-Paul
Plotnik, Yonatan
Segev, Mordechai
Optics
Time-reflection occurs when a wave is propagating in a medium undergoing a large and abrupt change in its properties: the original wave splits into a time-refracted wave and a time-reflected wave, each displaying different features. The time-refracted wave continues along its original course but experiences a frequency shift, whereas the time-reflected wave is propagating backwards in space with a reversed phase, also with a shifted frequency. These phenomena are fundamental to any wave system, but the most interesting are electromagnetic (EM) waves, specifically at optical frequencies, where they can couple to light-matter interactions. However, time-reflection of EM waves was thus far observed only at RF frequencies, never at optical frequencies. This is because time-reflection requires an order-unity variation of the refractive index occurring faster than a single wave cycle, and conventional optical nonlinearities are either too weak or too slow by orders of magnitude. Here, we present the first observation of time-reflection at optical frequencies. We induce an order-unity refractive-index change with sub-cycle duration, observe the time-reflection, and study its fundamental properties. These results provide an experimental pathway to experimenting with time-interfaces, generating photonic time-crystals and exploring new regimes of light-matter interaction in time-varying media.
title About Time: Observation of Time-Reflection at Optical Frequencies
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15632