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Main Authors: Caragiannis, Ioannis, Kollias, Kostas, Roghani, Mohammad, Schild, Aaron, Sinop, Ali Kemal
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15745
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author Caragiannis, Ioannis
Kollias, Kostas
Roghani, Mohammad
Schild, Aaron
Sinop, Ali Kemal
author_facet Caragiannis, Ioannis
Kollias, Kostas
Roghani, Mohammad
Schild, Aaron
Sinop, Ali Kemal
contents Autonomous ride-hailing platforms must strategically position idle robotaxis to minimize the wait times of prospective riders. We formalize this as the \emph{robotaxi placement problem} ($k$-RP). Given a finite metric space and a demand distribution over its points, the goal is to position $k$ robotaxis to minimize the expected total distance in a perfect matching between the robotaxis and $k$ random riders. We present several theoretical results for this stochastic optimization problem. First, we observe that sampling robotaxi locations independently according to the demand distribution yields a randomized $2$-approximation algorithm. Second, we present an explicit inapproximability bound via a novel gap-preserving reduction from the maximum coverage problem. Furthermore, while it is not even clear whether the exact expected cost of a placement can be computed efficiently on general metrics, we design an exact polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm for $k$-RP in tree metrics by decoupling the stochastic matching dependencies. Finally, empirical evaluations on real-world ride-hailing data reveal that a variance-reduced random placement strategy is highly effective in practice, yielding expected wait times that are very close to those obtained by computationally heavy exact algorithms for the uniform capacitated $k$-median problem.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15745
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Robotaxi Placement Problem: Minimizing Expected ETA for Stochastic Demand
Caragiannis, Ioannis
Kollias, Kostas
Roghani, Mohammad
Schild, Aaron
Sinop, Ali Kemal
Data Structures and Algorithms
Computational Complexity
Autonomous ride-hailing platforms must strategically position idle robotaxis to minimize the wait times of prospective riders. We formalize this as the \emph{robotaxi placement problem} ($k$-RP). Given a finite metric space and a demand distribution over its points, the goal is to position $k$ robotaxis to minimize the expected total distance in a perfect matching between the robotaxis and $k$ random riders. We present several theoretical results for this stochastic optimization problem. First, we observe that sampling robotaxi locations independently according to the demand distribution yields a randomized $2$-approximation algorithm. Second, we present an explicit inapproximability bound via a novel gap-preserving reduction from the maximum coverage problem. Furthermore, while it is not even clear whether the exact expected cost of a placement can be computed efficiently on general metrics, we design an exact polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm for $k$-RP in tree metrics by decoupling the stochastic matching dependencies. Finally, empirical evaluations on real-world ride-hailing data reveal that a variance-reduced random placement strategy is highly effective in practice, yielding expected wait times that are very close to those obtained by computationally heavy exact algorithms for the uniform capacitated $k$-median problem.
title The Robotaxi Placement Problem: Minimizing Expected ETA for Stochastic Demand
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
Computational Complexity
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15745