Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run

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Main Authors: Andrés-Carcasona, M., Iovino, A. J., Vallejo-Pagès, E., Vaskonen, V., Veermäe, H., Martínez, M., Mir, Ll. M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Andrés-Carcasona, M.
Iovino, A. J.
Vallejo-Pagès, E.
Vaskonen, V.
Veermäe, H.
Martínez, M.
Mir, Ll. M.
author_facet Andrés-Carcasona, M.
Iovino, A. J.
Vallejo-Pagès, E.
Vaskonen, V.
Veermäe, H.
Martínez, M.
Mir, Ll. M.
contents We analyze PBH populations using state-of-the-art modeling of PBH binaries, deriving the strongest bounds on PBH abundance in the $0.6-100 M_\odot$ range from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4a data and demonstrating sensitivity in the $10^{-4}-10^4 M_\odot$ range. The constraints are dominated by resolvable PBH mergers, while the associated gravitational wave background provides complementary but weaker limits. Allowing PBHs to account for a subset of the cataloged events slightly relaxes these bounds. However, a joint fit with astrophysical black holes shows no compelling evidence for a PBH contribution.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15749
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
Andrés-Carcasona, M.
Iovino, A. J.
Vallejo-Pagès, E.
Vaskonen, V.
Veermäe, H.
Martínez, M.
Mir, Ll. M.
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
We analyze PBH populations using state-of-the-art modeling of PBH binaries, deriving the strongest bounds on PBH abundance in the $0.6-100 M_\odot$ range from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4a data and demonstrating sensitivity in the $10^{-4}-10^4 M_\odot$ range. The constraints are dominated by resolvable PBH mergers, while the associated gravitational wave background provides complementary but weaker limits. Allowing PBHs to account for a subset of the cataloged events slightly relaxes these bounds. However, a joint fit with astrophysical black holes shows no compelling evidence for a PBH contribution.
title Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15749