Fairness-Aware Retrieval Optimization for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Zhao, Yingqi, Efthymiou, Vasilis, Nummenmaa, Jyrki, Stefanidis, Kostas
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Zhao, Yingqi
Efthymiou, Vasilis
Nummenmaa, Jyrki
Stefanidis, Kostas
author_facet Zhao, Yingqi
Efthymiou, Vasilis
Nummenmaa, Jyrki
Stefanidis, Kostas
contents Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of large language models by incorporating external knowledge, but the retrieval process can introduce bias that propagates to generated outputs. This issue is particularly challenging in top-k settings, where multiple documents jointly influence generation. We propose a fairness-aware retrieval framework that models and controls this bias. Our approach combines controlled bias injection via reranking, a position-aware model of bias propagation, and an optimization formulation that balances relevance and fairness. We further introduce a scalable solution based on Quadratic Fairness via Dual Hyperplane Approximation (FARO), which enables efficient optimization through problem decomposition. Experimental results show that our method effectively mitigates generation bias while preserving relevance. This work provides a principled approach for fairness-aware retrieval in RAG systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15790
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fairness-Aware Retrieval Optimization for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Zhao, Yingqi
Efthymiou, Vasilis
Nummenmaa, Jyrki
Stefanidis, Kostas
Databases
Information Retrieval
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves reliability of large language models by incorporating external knowledge, but the retrieval process can introduce bias that propagates to generated outputs. This issue is particularly challenging in top-k settings, where multiple documents jointly influence generation. We propose a fairness-aware retrieval framework that models and controls this bias. Our approach combines controlled bias injection via reranking, a position-aware model of bias propagation, and an optimization formulation that balances relevance and fairness. We further introduce a scalable solution based on Quadratic Fairness via Dual Hyperplane Approximation (FARO), which enables efficient optimization through problem decomposition. Experimental results show that our method effectively mitigates generation bias while preserving relevance. This work provides a principled approach for fairness-aware retrieval in RAG systems.
title Fairness-Aware Retrieval Optimization for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
topic Databases
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15790