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Main Authors: Yu, Hanxun, Qu, Xuan, Wang, Yuxin, Zhu, Jianke, Ke, Lei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15876
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author Yu, Hanxun
Qu, Xuan
Wang, Yuxin
Zhu, Jianke
Ke, Lei
author_facet Yu, Hanxun
Qu, Xuan
Wang, Yuxin
Zhu, Jianke
Ke, Lei
contents Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at 2D tasks such as grounding and captioning, yet remain limited in 3D understanding. A key limitation is their text-only supervision paradigm, which under-constrains fine-grained visual perception and prevents the recovery of dense geometry. Prior methods either distill geometry from external vision models, introducing error accumulation, or enable direct prediction with inefficient per-pixel query or coarse token-level outputs. In this paper, we propose DepthVLM, a simple yet effective framework that transforms a single VLM into a native dense geometry predictor while preserving its multimodal capability. By attaching a lightweight depth head to the LLM backbone and training under a unified vision-text supervision paradigm with a two-stage schedule, DepthVLM generates full-resolution depth maps alongside language outputs in a single forward pass. We further introduce a unified indoor-outdoor metric depth benchmark in a VLM-compatible format. Experiments show that DepthVLM significantly outperforms existing VLMs with higher inference efficiency, surpasses leading pure vision models, and improves complex 3D spatial reasoning, moving toward a truly unified multimodal foundation model. The project page is available at https://depthvlm.github.io/
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15876
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unlocking Dense Metric Depth Estimation in VLMs
Yu, Hanxun
Qu, Xuan
Wang, Yuxin
Zhu, Jianke
Ke, Lei
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at 2D tasks such as grounding and captioning, yet remain limited in 3D understanding. A key limitation is their text-only supervision paradigm, which under-constrains fine-grained visual perception and prevents the recovery of dense geometry. Prior methods either distill geometry from external vision models, introducing error accumulation, or enable direct prediction with inefficient per-pixel query or coarse token-level outputs. In this paper, we propose DepthVLM, a simple yet effective framework that transforms a single VLM into a native dense geometry predictor while preserving its multimodal capability. By attaching a lightweight depth head to the LLM backbone and training under a unified vision-text supervision paradigm with a two-stage schedule, DepthVLM generates full-resolution depth maps alongside language outputs in a single forward pass. We further introduce a unified indoor-outdoor metric depth benchmark in a VLM-compatible format. Experiments show that DepthVLM significantly outperforms existing VLMs with higher inference efficiency, surpasses leading pure vision models, and improves complex 3D spatial reasoning, moving toward a truly unified multimodal foundation model. The project page is available at https://depthvlm.github.io/
title Unlocking Dense Metric Depth Estimation in VLMs
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15876