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Autores principales: Bhamidipaty, Logan Mondal, Whitammer, Esmeralda S., Abel, David, Kochenderfer, Mykel J., Ramamoorthy, Subramanian
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15960
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author Bhamidipaty, Logan Mondal
Whitammer, Esmeralda S.
Abel, David
Kochenderfer, Mykel J.
Ramamoorthy, Subramanian
author_facet Bhamidipaty, Logan Mondal
Whitammer, Esmeralda S.
Abel, David
Kochenderfer, Mykel J.
Ramamoorthy, Subramanian
contents We propose a novel definition of model exploitation in reinforcement learning. Informally, a world model is exploitable if it implies that one policy should be strictly preferred over another while the environment's true transition model implies the reverse. We analogize our definition with a prior characterization of reward hacking but show that the associated proof of inevitability does not transfer to exploitation. To overcome this obstruction, we develop a general theory of reward hacking and model exploitation that proves that exploitation is essentially unavoidable on large policy sets and yields the corresponding claim for hacking as a special case. Unfortunately, we also find that the conditions that guarantee unhackability in finite policy sets have no counterpart that precludes exploitation. Consequently, we introduce a relaxed notion of exploitation and derive a safe horizon within which it can be avoided. Taken together, our results establish a formal bridge between reward hacking and model exploitation and elucidate the limits of safe planning in world models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_15960
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Imperfect World Models are Exploitable
Bhamidipaty, Logan Mondal
Whitammer, Esmeralda S.
Abel, David
Kochenderfer, Mykel J.
Ramamoorthy, Subramanian
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
We propose a novel definition of model exploitation in reinforcement learning. Informally, a world model is exploitable if it implies that one policy should be strictly preferred over another while the environment's true transition model implies the reverse. We analogize our definition with a prior characterization of reward hacking but show that the associated proof of inevitability does not transfer to exploitation. To overcome this obstruction, we develop a general theory of reward hacking and model exploitation that proves that exploitation is essentially unavoidable on large policy sets and yields the corresponding claim for hacking as a special case. Unfortunately, we also find that the conditions that guarantee unhackability in finite policy sets have no counterpart that precludes exploitation. Consequently, we introduce a relaxed notion of exploitation and derive a safe horizon within which it can be avoided. Taken together, our results establish a formal bridge between reward hacking and model exploitation and elucidate the limits of safe planning in world models.
title Imperfect World Models are Exploitable
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15960