Multi-Level Contextual Token Relation Modeling for Machine-Generated Text Detection

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Wu, Chenwang, Cheung, Yiuming, Han, Bo, Zhang, Shuhai, Lian, Defu
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Wu, Chenwang
Cheung, Yiuming
Han, Bo
Zhang, Shuhai
Lian, Defu
author_facet Wu, Chenwang
Cheung, Yiuming
Han, Bo
Zhang, Shuhai
Lian, Defu
contents Machine-generated texts (MGTs) pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, underscoring the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features of MGTs, are often more practical than complex model-based methods that are prone to overfitting. Given their diverse designs, we first place representative metric-based methods within a unified framework, enabling a clear assessment of their advantages and limitations. Our analysis identifies a core challenge across these methods: the token-level detection score is easily biased by the inherent randomness of the MGTs generation process. Then, we theoretically derive the multi-hop transitions of the token-level detection score and explore their local and global relations. Based on these findings, we propose a multi-level contextual token relation modeling framework for MGT detection. Specifically, for local relations, we model them through a lightweight Markov-informed calibration module that refines token-level evidence before aggregation. For global relations, we introduce a rule-support reasoning module that uses explicit logical rules derived from contextual score statistics. Finally, we combine the local calibrated score and the global rule-support reasoning signal in a joint multi-level inference framework. Extensive experiments show broad and substantial improvements across various real-world scenarios, including cross-LLM and cross-domain settings, with low computational overhead.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_16107
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Level Contextual Token Relation Modeling for Machine-Generated Text Detection
Wu, Chenwang
Cheung, Yiuming
Han, Bo
Zhang, Shuhai
Lian, Defu
Computation and Language
Machine-generated texts (MGTs) pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, underscoring the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features of MGTs, are often more practical than complex model-based methods that are prone to overfitting. Given their diverse designs, we first place representative metric-based methods within a unified framework, enabling a clear assessment of their advantages and limitations. Our analysis identifies a core challenge across these methods: the token-level detection score is easily biased by the inherent randomness of the MGTs generation process. Then, we theoretically derive the multi-hop transitions of the token-level detection score and explore their local and global relations. Based on these findings, we propose a multi-level contextual token relation modeling framework for MGT detection. Specifically, for local relations, we model them through a lightweight Markov-informed calibration module that refines token-level evidence before aggregation. For global relations, we introduce a rule-support reasoning module that uses explicit logical rules derived from contextual score statistics. Finally, we combine the local calibrated score and the global rule-support reasoning signal in a joint multi-level inference framework. Extensive experiments show broad and substantial improvements across various real-world scenarios, including cross-LLM and cross-domain settings, with low computational overhead.
title Multi-Level Contextual Token Relation Modeling for Machine-Generated Text Detection
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16107