Beyond Imperfect Alternatives with Rulemapping: A Neuro-Symbolic Case Study on Online Hate Speech
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866911690208051200 |
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| author | von Cossel, Oskar |
| author_facet | von Cossel, Oskar |
| contents | Automating legal reasoning forces a choice between imperfect alternatives: symbolic systems offer transparency but struggle with ambiguity, whereas neural systems handle natural language flexibly but lack verifiability. This paper investigates whether a hybrid, neuro-symbolic approach can reconcile this trade-off. We evaluate this architecture in the domain of online content moderation, which serves as a proxy for high-volume legal decision-making such as mass administrative proceedings. In these settings, operators must assess thousands of cases daily under strict legal standards. Specifically, we examine whether constraining large language models (LLMs) within deterministic symbolic scaffolds improves statute-grounded illegality assessment while preventing "scope drift" (where LLMs conflate moral offensiveness with legal illegality). We evaluate the neuro-symbolic variant of Rulemapping - a visual logic-tree method that operationalises the classic legal syllogism - on online hate-speech classification under §130(1) of the German Criminal Code. Across diverse LLMs, Rulemapping maintains high recall (0.82-0.89) while achieving precision of 0.80-0.86, compared to 0.34-0.49 for unconstrained prompting. Expert-authored symbolic scaffolds thus enable robust legal automation aligned with regulatory requirements for auditability and verifiable decision-making. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_16280 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Beyond Imperfect Alternatives with Rulemapping: A Neuro-Symbolic Case Study on Online Hate Speech von Cossel, Oskar Computers and Society Artificial Intelligence I.2.1; I.2.4; I.2.7; J.1; K.4.1 Automating legal reasoning forces a choice between imperfect alternatives: symbolic systems offer transparency but struggle with ambiguity, whereas neural systems handle natural language flexibly but lack verifiability. This paper investigates whether a hybrid, neuro-symbolic approach can reconcile this trade-off. We evaluate this architecture in the domain of online content moderation, which serves as a proxy for high-volume legal decision-making such as mass administrative proceedings. In these settings, operators must assess thousands of cases daily under strict legal standards. Specifically, we examine whether constraining large language models (LLMs) within deterministic symbolic scaffolds improves statute-grounded illegality assessment while preventing "scope drift" (where LLMs conflate moral offensiveness with legal illegality). We evaluate the neuro-symbolic variant of Rulemapping - a visual logic-tree method that operationalises the classic legal syllogism - on online hate-speech classification under §130(1) of the German Criminal Code. Across diverse LLMs, Rulemapping maintains high recall (0.82-0.89) while achieving precision of 0.80-0.86, compared to 0.34-0.49 for unconstrained prompting. Expert-authored symbolic scaffolds thus enable robust legal automation aligned with regulatory requirements for auditability and verifiable decision-making. |
| title | Beyond Imperfect Alternatives with Rulemapping: A Neuro-Symbolic Case Study on Online Hate Speech |
| topic | Computers and Society Artificial Intelligence I.2.1; I.2.4; I.2.7; J.1; K.4.1 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16280 |