Semantic Smoothing via Novel View Synthesis for Robust SAR Image Classification
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911690355900416 |
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| author | Brignac, Daniel Tian, Fengwei Latibari, Banafsheh Mahalanobis, Abhijit Tandon, Ravi |
| author_facet | Brignac, Daniel Tian, Fengwei Latibari, Banafsheh Mahalanobis, Abhijit Tandon, Ravi |
| contents | Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, limiting deployment in safety-critical applications such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR). Randomized smoothing improves robustness by averaging predictions over noisy inputs, but isotropic noise often fails to preserve the semantic structure of SAR imagery. We propose semantic smoothing, a defense that replaces noised-based perturbations with structured randomized transformations generated by a novel view synthesis model. For SAR, we condition on acquisition geometry to synthesize multiple plausible radar views. Predictions across generated randomized views are aggregated to form a robust classifier. Experiments show that semantic smoothing improves robustness against standard attacks, such as FGSM and PGD, and SAR-specific attacks, such as OTSA and SMGAA, while also increasing clean classification accuracy. These results demonstrate that randomized smoothing via semantically preserving geometric transformations is a promising alternative to isotropic noise for adversarial defense in structured sensing domains. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_16440 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Semantic Smoothing via Novel View Synthesis for Robust SAR Image Classification Brignac, Daniel Tian, Fengwei Latibari, Banafsheh Mahalanobis, Abhijit Tandon, Ravi Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, limiting deployment in safety-critical applications such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR). Randomized smoothing improves robustness by averaging predictions over noisy inputs, but isotropic noise often fails to preserve the semantic structure of SAR imagery. We propose semantic smoothing, a defense that replaces noised-based perturbations with structured randomized transformations generated by a novel view synthesis model. For SAR, we condition on acquisition geometry to synthesize multiple plausible radar views. Predictions across generated randomized views are aggregated to form a robust classifier. Experiments show that semantic smoothing improves robustness against standard attacks, such as FGSM and PGD, and SAR-specific attacks, such as OTSA and SMGAA, while also increasing clean classification accuracy. These results demonstrate that randomized smoothing via semantically preserving geometric transformations is a promising alternative to isotropic noise for adversarial defense in structured sensing domains. |
| title | Semantic Smoothing via Novel View Synthesis for Robust SAR Image Classification |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16440 |