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Hauptverfasser: Singh, Divyesh Pratap, Gusain, Dakshesh, Bulgarelli, Federica, Hendricks, Alison Eisel, Beavers, John, Beers, Nathan M., Nwogu, Ifeoma
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16654
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author Singh, Divyesh Pratap
Gusain, Dakshesh
Bulgarelli, Federica
Hendricks, Alison Eisel
Beavers, John
Beers, Nathan M.
Nwogu, Ifeoma
author_facet Singh, Divyesh Pratap
Gusain, Dakshesh
Bulgarelli, Federica
Hendricks, Alison Eisel
Beavers, John
Beers, Nathan M.
Nwogu, Ifeoma
contents Manner and result verbs encode different aspects of event structure and have been discussed in developmental work as a potentially informative distinction for studying early verb learning. However, this distinction remains difficult to measure at scale because large annotated resources for manner and result classification are not currently available. We present a computational approach for identifying manner and result verbs in sentence context. Using linguistically informed prompts, we generate sentence-level annotations with large language models over data drawn from MASC and InterCorp, extending coverage from previously annotated portions of VerbNet to 436 classes. We then train a RoBERTa-based classifier on these annotations and evaluate it on three held-out gold-standard datasets, including previously annotated items and a new expert-annotated set. Across these evaluations, the model shows promising performance, with average accuracy up to 89.6%. We present this work as a scalable measurement tool that can support future research on verb semantics in developmental and other language datasets, while noting that further validation is needed for borderline cases, mixed manner/result verbs, and downstream developmental applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_16654
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Scalable Tool for Measuring Manner and Result Verbs in Developmental Language Research
Singh, Divyesh Pratap
Gusain, Dakshesh
Bulgarelli, Federica
Hendricks, Alison Eisel
Beavers, John
Beers, Nathan M.
Nwogu, Ifeoma
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Manner and result verbs encode different aspects of event structure and have been discussed in developmental work as a potentially informative distinction for studying early verb learning. However, this distinction remains difficult to measure at scale because large annotated resources for manner and result classification are not currently available. We present a computational approach for identifying manner and result verbs in sentence context. Using linguistically informed prompts, we generate sentence-level annotations with large language models over data drawn from MASC and InterCorp, extending coverage from previously annotated portions of VerbNet to 436 classes. We then train a RoBERTa-based classifier on these annotations and evaluate it on three held-out gold-standard datasets, including previously annotated items and a new expert-annotated set. Across these evaluations, the model shows promising performance, with average accuracy up to 89.6%. We present this work as a scalable measurement tool that can support future research on verb semantics in developmental and other language datasets, while noting that further validation is needed for borderline cases, mixed manner/result verbs, and downstream developmental applications.
title A Scalable Tool for Measuring Manner and Result Verbs in Developmental Language Research
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16654