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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16683 |
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| _version_ | 1866911690759602176 |
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| author | Lodge, Alessio Alberto Pontillo, Alessio Lombardo Hoekstra, Feye S. J. Medina, Robinson Wilkins, Steven Battiato, Ilenia |
| author_facet | Lodge, Alessio Alberto Pontillo, Alessio Lombardo Hoekstra, Feye S. J. Medina, Robinson Wilkins, Steven Battiato, Ilenia |
| contents | Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries is limited by lithium plating, which occurs when the anode potential drops below 0 V vs Li/Li+. Model-based control aims to maximize charging current while maintaining anode potentials above this threshold. In this work, a plating-free fast charging strategy is demonstrated using a Homogenized Model (HM) coupled with a classical PID controller. The HM, derived from homogenization theory applied to the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, retains the physics of the Doyle-Fuller-Newman model while capturing electrode microstructural heterogeneity in a one-dimensional double-continua formulation. By reconstructing three-dimensional distributions of electrochemical variables from precomputed closure variables, the HM enables non-invasive estimation of heterogeneous anode potentials, acting as a virtual sensor. Through MATLAB-COMSOL co-simulation, a PID controller regulates current to maintain the full 3D anode potential distribution above the plating limit, achieving model-based fast charging at a fraction of the computational cost of high-fidelity models. The results demonstrate the potential of HM-based control for safe, degradation-aware, and efficient fast charging of lithium-ion batteries. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_16683 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Health-Aware Fast Charging Using Homogenized Model with Heterogeneous Internal State Reconstruction Lodge, Alessio Alberto Pontillo, Alessio Lombardo Hoekstra, Feye S. J. Medina, Robinson Wilkins, Steven Battiato, Ilenia Systems and Control Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries is limited by lithium plating, which occurs when the anode potential drops below 0 V vs Li/Li+. Model-based control aims to maximize charging current while maintaining anode potentials above this threshold. In this work, a plating-free fast charging strategy is demonstrated using a Homogenized Model (HM) coupled with a classical PID controller. The HM, derived from homogenization theory applied to the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, retains the physics of the Doyle-Fuller-Newman model while capturing electrode microstructural heterogeneity in a one-dimensional double-continua formulation. By reconstructing three-dimensional distributions of electrochemical variables from precomputed closure variables, the HM enables non-invasive estimation of heterogeneous anode potentials, acting as a virtual sensor. Through MATLAB-COMSOL co-simulation, a PID controller regulates current to maintain the full 3D anode potential distribution above the plating limit, achieving model-based fast charging at a fraction of the computational cost of high-fidelity models. The results demonstrate the potential of HM-based control for safe, degradation-aware, and efficient fast charging of lithium-ion batteries. |
| title | Health-Aware Fast Charging Using Homogenized Model with Heterogeneous Internal State Reconstruction |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16683 |