Metric-Guided Feature Fusion of Visual Foundation Models for Segmentation Tasks

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Guo, Yachan, Zurita, JoseLuis Gomez, Xue, Danna, Xiao, Yi, Pena, AntonioManuel Lopez
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Guo, Yachan
Zurita, JoseLuis Gomez
Xue, Danna
Xiao, Yi
Pena, AntonioManuel Lopez
author_facet Guo, Yachan
Zurita, JoseLuis Gomez
Xue, Danna
Xiao, Yi
Pena, AntonioManuel Lopez
contents Although large-scale visual foundation models (VFMs) achieve remarkable performance in semantic understanding, they still underperform in instance-aware dense prediction tasks. They exhibit different biases in representation: for instance, promptable segmentation models (e.g., SAM2) focus on fine-grained region boundaries, while self-supervised models (e.g., DINOv3) emphasize object-level structure. This observation highlights the potential of combining complementary features from different VFMs to enhance downstream dense prediction tasks. However, naive multi-VFM fusion seldom leads to reliable gains, and interpretable principles for leveraging their complementary features are still underexplored. In this work, we propose a metric-guided approach that effectively selects and aggregates complementary features from different VFMs based on explicit assessment scores. Specifically, we design a suite of label-free metrics in feature space across two aspects, Structural Coherence and Edge Fidelity, to assess features of VFM encoders. Guided by these scores, we identify complementary edge-strong and structure-strong encoder pairs, and integrate them via a master-auxiliary fusion scheme. This feature fusion requires no complex architectural changes and is trained only in a single stage. Our model shows consistent performance gains across multiple dense prediction tasks compared with the baselines, with better object-level semantics and more accurately localized boundaries. The code is available at {https://github.com/gyc-code/metric-guided-fusion}.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_16864
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Metric-Guided Feature Fusion of Visual Foundation Models for Segmentation Tasks
Guo, Yachan
Zurita, JoseLuis Gomez
Xue, Danna
Xiao, Yi
Pena, AntonioManuel Lopez
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Although large-scale visual foundation models (VFMs) achieve remarkable performance in semantic understanding, they still underperform in instance-aware dense prediction tasks. They exhibit different biases in representation: for instance, promptable segmentation models (e.g., SAM2) focus on fine-grained region boundaries, while self-supervised models (e.g., DINOv3) emphasize object-level structure. This observation highlights the potential of combining complementary features from different VFMs to enhance downstream dense prediction tasks. However, naive multi-VFM fusion seldom leads to reliable gains, and interpretable principles for leveraging their complementary features are still underexplored. In this work, we propose a metric-guided approach that effectively selects and aggregates complementary features from different VFMs based on explicit assessment scores. Specifically, we design a suite of label-free metrics in feature space across two aspects, Structural Coherence and Edge Fidelity, to assess features of VFM encoders. Guided by these scores, we identify complementary edge-strong and structure-strong encoder pairs, and integrate them via a master-auxiliary fusion scheme. This feature fusion requires no complex architectural changes and is trained only in a single stage. Our model shows consistent performance gains across multiple dense prediction tasks compared with the baselines, with better object-level semantics and more accurately localized boundaries. The code is available at {https://github.com/gyc-code/metric-guided-fusion}.
title Metric-Guided Feature Fusion of Visual Foundation Models for Segmentation Tasks
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16864