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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17346 |
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| _version_ | 1866914575244328960 |
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| author | Onuki, Akira |
| author_facet | Onuki, Akira |
| contents | We examine the thermal fluctuations of the polarization $p$, the charge density $ρ$, and the electric field $E$ in dilute electrolytes inserted between pararell metallic electrodes, where we fix the applied potential difference $Φ_a$ between the two electrodes. If the film thickness $H$ is shorter than the Debye screening length $κ^{-1}$, the space correlation of the polarization $p_z$ and the electric field $E_z$ along the surface normal (in the $z$ direction) acuire global components inversely proportional to the film volume $V$, which vary slowly along the $z$ axis and are homogeneous in the $xy$ plane. The areal charge density on each electrode surface also has a component homogeneous on the surface, which produces the global electric fluctuations. On the other hand, if $H$ much exceeds $κ^{-1}$, the global correlations of $p_z$ and $ρ$ become small in the bulk region outside the electric double layers, but that of $E_z$ remains almost unchanged by ions in the whole cell at fixed $Φ_a$. The dielectric constant $ε_{\rm eff}$ depends on $H$ and $κ$ and is expressed in terms of the fluctuation variances of $p_z$ and $ρ$ and that of the noblocal surface charge density at fixed $Φ_a$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_17346 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Global space correlations of polarization, charge density, and electric field in electrolytes under the fixed-potential condition Onuki, Akira Soft Condensed Matter Statistical Mechanics We examine the thermal fluctuations of the polarization $p$, the charge density $ρ$, and the electric field $E$ in dilute electrolytes inserted between pararell metallic electrodes, where we fix the applied potential difference $Φ_a$ between the two electrodes. If the film thickness $H$ is shorter than the Debye screening length $κ^{-1}$, the space correlation of the polarization $p_z$ and the electric field $E_z$ along the surface normal (in the $z$ direction) acuire global components inversely proportional to the film volume $V$, which vary slowly along the $z$ axis and are homogeneous in the $xy$ plane. The areal charge density on each electrode surface also has a component homogeneous on the surface, which produces the global electric fluctuations. On the other hand, if $H$ much exceeds $κ^{-1}$, the global correlations of $p_z$ and $ρ$ become small in the bulk region outside the electric double layers, but that of $E_z$ remains almost unchanged by ions in the whole cell at fixed $Φ_a$. The dielectric constant $ε_{\rm eff}$ depends on $H$ and $κ$ and is expressed in terms of the fluctuation variances of $p_z$ and $ρ$ and that of the noblocal surface charge density at fixed $Φ_a$. |
| title | Global space correlations of polarization, charge density, and electric field in electrolytes under the fixed-potential condition |
| topic | Soft Condensed Matter Statistical Mechanics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17346 |