Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866916020761919488 |
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| author | Yang, Dongyi Yang, Xiao Sun, Chenxi Zhang, Jianwei |
| author_facet | Yang, Dongyi Yang, Xiao Sun, Chenxi Zhang, Jianwei |
| contents | Ultralight dark matter can induce weak oscillating magnetic-like signals and can therefore be searched for with precision magnetometry. Levitated ferromagnets provide a sensitive platform for such searches, but a single ferromagnet is limited in total polarized spin and readout performance. We investigate a levitated ferromagnet lattice as a scalable detector for ultralight dark matter. We develop a theoretical description of the collective lattice response in the fully trapped regime, incorporating dipole-dipole interactions, finite-size effects, and boundary-induced mode mixing. We further analyze the collective noise budget and show that interaction effects mainly produce a narrow blind zone through thermal-noise amplification, while away from this region, the lattice preserves favorable collective noise scaling. We then derive projected sensitivities to axion-electron, dark-photon, and axion-photon couplings. We find that the lattice improves the reach in all three channels relative to a single-ferromagnet detector, with an additional coherent signal enhancement in the axion-photon channel from the lattice-generated electromagnetic background. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_17417 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection Yang, Dongyi Yang, Xiao Sun, Chenxi Zhang, Jianwei High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Ultralight dark matter can induce weak oscillating magnetic-like signals and can therefore be searched for with precision magnetometry. Levitated ferromagnets provide a sensitive platform for such searches, but a single ferromagnet is limited in total polarized spin and readout performance. We investigate a levitated ferromagnet lattice as a scalable detector for ultralight dark matter. We develop a theoretical description of the collective lattice response in the fully trapped regime, incorporating dipole-dipole interactions, finite-size effects, and boundary-induced mode mixing. We further analyze the collective noise budget and show that interaction effects mainly produce a narrow blind zone through thermal-noise amplification, while away from this region, the lattice preserves favorable collective noise scaling. We then derive projected sensitivities to axion-electron, dark-photon, and axion-photon couplings. We find that the lattice improves the reach in all three channels relative to a single-ferromagnet detector, with an additional coherent signal enhancement in the axion-photon channel from the lattice-generated electromagnetic background. |
| title | Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17417 |