Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yang, Dongyi, Yang, Xiao, Sun, Chenxi, Zhang, Jianwei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Yang, Dongyi
Yang, Xiao
Sun, Chenxi
Zhang, Jianwei
author_facet Yang, Dongyi
Yang, Xiao
Sun, Chenxi
Zhang, Jianwei
contents Ultralight dark matter can induce weak oscillating magnetic-like signals and can therefore be searched for with precision magnetometry. Levitated ferromagnets provide a sensitive platform for such searches, but a single ferromagnet is limited in total polarized spin and readout performance. We investigate a levitated ferromagnet lattice as a scalable detector for ultralight dark matter. We develop a theoretical description of the collective lattice response in the fully trapped regime, incorporating dipole-dipole interactions, finite-size effects, and boundary-induced mode mixing. We further analyze the collective noise budget and show that interaction effects mainly produce a narrow blind zone through thermal-noise amplification, while away from this region, the lattice preserves favorable collective noise scaling. We then derive projected sensitivities to axion-electron, dark-photon, and axion-photon couplings. We find that the lattice improves the reach in all three channels relative to a single-ferromagnet detector, with an additional coherent signal enhancement in the axion-photon channel from the lattice-generated electromagnetic background.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_17417
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection
Yang, Dongyi
Yang, Xiao
Sun, Chenxi
Zhang, Jianwei
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Ultralight dark matter can induce weak oscillating magnetic-like signals and can therefore be searched for with precision magnetometry. Levitated ferromagnets provide a sensitive platform for such searches, but a single ferromagnet is limited in total polarized spin and readout performance. We investigate a levitated ferromagnet lattice as a scalable detector for ultralight dark matter. We develop a theoretical description of the collective lattice response in the fully trapped regime, incorporating dipole-dipole interactions, finite-size effects, and boundary-induced mode mixing. We further analyze the collective noise budget and show that interaction effects mainly produce a narrow blind zone through thermal-noise amplification, while away from this region, the lattice preserves favorable collective noise scaling. We then derive projected sensitivities to axion-electron, dark-photon, and axion-photon couplings. We find that the lattice improves the reach in all three channels relative to a single-ferromagnet detector, with an additional coherent signal enhancement in the axion-photon channel from the lattice-generated electromagnetic background.
title Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17417