Dynamic Aspects of Bumblebee Gravity: Post-Newtonian Approach

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Hauptverfasser: Zhu, Jie, Li, Hao
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Zhu, Jie
Li, Hao
author_facet Zhu, Jie
Li, Hao
contents In this work, we investigate the dynamic aspects of Bumblebee gravity via the parameterized post-Newtonian method. We find that the PPN framework is self-consistent up to 1.5PN order if and only if $λ= -ξ/2$, which corresponds to a direct coupling between the Bumblebee field $B_μ$ and the Einstein tensor. The requirement of tachyonic stability restricts the Bumblebee potential to satisfy $V''(0)=0$. In the specific case where $λ= -ξ/2$, the resulting PPN metric yields non-vanishing values for the parameters $α_1$ and $α_2$, as well as a novel PPN potential $U_B$ that exhibits a logarithmic asymptotic growth. The vanishing of the potential $U_B$ necessitates the additional constraints $ξ= κ/2$ or $V^{(3)}(0) = 0$. These results signify the presence of preferred-frame effects, a direct consequence of the Lorentz symmetry breaking in the model. In the limit of small $\ell$, we obtain $α_2 \simeq -\ell_2$, which yields a constraint of $|\ell| \lesssim 1.6\times 10^{-9}$ based on pulsar timing observations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_17516
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dynamic Aspects of Bumblebee Gravity: Post-Newtonian Approach
Zhu, Jie
Li, Hao
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
In this work, we investigate the dynamic aspects of Bumblebee gravity via the parameterized post-Newtonian method. We find that the PPN framework is self-consistent up to 1.5PN order if and only if $λ= -ξ/2$, which corresponds to a direct coupling between the Bumblebee field $B_μ$ and the Einstein tensor. The requirement of tachyonic stability restricts the Bumblebee potential to satisfy $V''(0)=0$. In the specific case where $λ= -ξ/2$, the resulting PPN metric yields non-vanishing values for the parameters $α_1$ and $α_2$, as well as a novel PPN potential $U_B$ that exhibits a logarithmic asymptotic growth. The vanishing of the potential $U_B$ necessitates the additional constraints $ξ= κ/2$ or $V^{(3)}(0) = 0$. These results signify the presence of preferred-frame effects, a direct consequence of the Lorentz symmetry breaking in the model. In the limit of small $\ell$, we obtain $α_2 \simeq -\ell_2$, which yields a constraint of $|\ell| \lesssim 1.6\times 10^{-9}$ based on pulsar timing observations.
title Dynamic Aspects of Bumblebee Gravity: Post-Newtonian Approach
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17516