VeriCache: Turning Lossy KV Cache into Lossless LLM Inference

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yao, Jiayi, Shen, Samuel, Du, Kuntai, Feng, Shaoting, Seo, Dongjoo, Zhang, Rui, Huang, Yuyang, Liu, Yuhan, Lu, Shan, Jiang, Junchen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Yao, Jiayi
Shen, Samuel
Du, Kuntai
Feng, Shaoting
Seo, Dongjoo
Zhang, Rui
Huang, Yuyang
Liu, Yuhan
Lu, Shan
Jiang, Junchen
author_facet Yao, Jiayi
Shen, Samuel
Du, Kuntai
Feng, Shaoting
Seo, Dongjoo
Zhang, Rui
Huang, Yuyang
Liu, Yuhan
Lu, Shan
Jiang, Junchen
contents The large size of the KV cache has become a major bottleneck for serving LLMs with increasing context lengths. In response, many KV cache compression methods, such as token dropping and quantization, have been proposed. However, almost all of these methods are inherently lossy-despite minimal accuracy degradation for short outputs, their outputs increasingly diverge from full-KV-cache outputs as more tokens are decoded, which leads to catastrophic failures in code generation and tool calling. We present VeriCache, the first inference framework that ensures the same output as full-KV-cache decoding but largely preserves the high decoding throughput of a range of KV cache compression algorithms. VeriCache uses the compressed KV cache to draft tokens, then verifies them against the full KV cache. While it may seem like just speculative decoding, VeriCache requires addressing a key system challenge to work-keeping the full KV cache out of GPU memory and minimizing the overhead of swapping it in for verification. The insight is two-fold: (1) compressed-KV decoding can be parallelized with full-KV swap, because one is HBM-bandwidth-bound and the other is PCIe/network-bound, and (2) the compressed KV cache often produces output similar to the full KV cache, allowing a long drafting horizon to amortize each full-KV swap. VeriCache applies to both long-context decoding and remote prefix caching, supports a broad family of token-dropping and quantization methods through a uniform compressor interface, and composes with traditional speculative decoding. Experimental results show that VeriCache achieves up to 4X higher throughput than full-KV inference while producing identical outputs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_17613
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle VeriCache: Turning Lossy KV Cache into Lossless LLM Inference
Yao, Jiayi
Shen, Samuel
Du, Kuntai
Feng, Shaoting
Seo, Dongjoo
Zhang, Rui
Huang, Yuyang
Liu, Yuhan
Lu, Shan
Jiang, Junchen
Hardware Architecture
Machine Learning
The large size of the KV cache has become a major bottleneck for serving LLMs with increasing context lengths. In response, many KV cache compression methods, such as token dropping and quantization, have been proposed. However, almost all of these methods are inherently lossy-despite minimal accuracy degradation for short outputs, their outputs increasingly diverge from full-KV-cache outputs as more tokens are decoded, which leads to catastrophic failures in code generation and tool calling. We present VeriCache, the first inference framework that ensures the same output as full-KV-cache decoding but largely preserves the high decoding throughput of a range of KV cache compression algorithms. VeriCache uses the compressed KV cache to draft tokens, then verifies them against the full KV cache. While it may seem like just speculative decoding, VeriCache requires addressing a key system challenge to work-keeping the full KV cache out of GPU memory and minimizing the overhead of swapping it in for verification. The insight is two-fold: (1) compressed-KV decoding can be parallelized with full-KV swap, because one is HBM-bandwidth-bound and the other is PCIe/network-bound, and (2) the compressed KV cache often produces output similar to the full KV cache, allowing a long drafting horizon to amortize each full-KV swap. VeriCache applies to both long-context decoding and remote prefix caching, supports a broad family of token-dropping and quantization methods through a uniform compressor interface, and composes with traditional speculative decoding. Experimental results show that VeriCache achieves up to 4X higher throughput than full-KV inference while producing identical outputs.
title VeriCache: Turning Lossy KV Cache into Lossless LLM Inference
topic Hardware Architecture
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17613