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Main Authors: Zhang, Kun, Ding, Lei, Bai, Sheng-Chen, Sun, Jing, Jing, An-Qi, Tang, Min, Ran, Shi-Ju
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17895
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author Zhang, Kun
Ding, Lei
Bai, Sheng-Chen
Sun, Jing
Jing, An-Qi
Tang, Min
Ran, Shi-Ju
author_facet Zhang, Kun
Ding, Lei
Bai, Sheng-Chen
Sun, Jing
Jing, An-Qi
Tang, Min
Ran, Shi-Ju
contents Quantum probability provides a novel framework for formulating machine-learning (ML) problems in Hilbert space. We introduce a prototype-based learning scheme where class representatives are encoded as generative matrix product states (MPS). Because these prototypes reside in the same Hilbert space as quantum-encoded data samples, various ML tasks such as classification and clustering can be performed through geometric measures of quantum states. This approach lifts prototype learning from classical feature space to quantum Hilbert space. Benchmarks on Fashion-MNIST and a real-world electrocardiogram dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms classical prototype approaches while remaining competitive with standard black-box neural networks. We also identify an ``attraction'' effect induced by the quantum-probabilistic prototypes and introduce a dimensionality-reduction scheme based on prototype distances. Our results establish quantum states as an explainable framework for prototype learning, opening new directions for designing ML algorithms in quantum Hilbert space.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_17895
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Geometric Prototype Learning in Quantum Hilbert Space with Matrix Product States
Zhang, Kun
Ding, Lei
Bai, Sheng-Chen
Sun, Jing
Jing, An-Qi
Tang, Min
Ran, Shi-Ju
Quantum Physics
Quantum probability provides a novel framework for formulating machine-learning (ML) problems in Hilbert space. We introduce a prototype-based learning scheme where class representatives are encoded as generative matrix product states (MPS). Because these prototypes reside in the same Hilbert space as quantum-encoded data samples, various ML tasks such as classification and clustering can be performed through geometric measures of quantum states. This approach lifts prototype learning from classical feature space to quantum Hilbert space. Benchmarks on Fashion-MNIST and a real-world electrocardiogram dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms classical prototype approaches while remaining competitive with standard black-box neural networks. We also identify an ``attraction'' effect induced by the quantum-probabilistic prototypes and introduce a dimensionality-reduction scheme based on prototype distances. Our results establish quantum states as an explainable framework for prototype learning, opening new directions for designing ML algorithms in quantum Hilbert space.
title Geometric Prototype Learning in Quantum Hilbert Space with Matrix Product States
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17895