The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site
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2026
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| author | Di Giovanni, Matteo Rozza, Davide Diaferia, Giovanni Contu, Andrea De Rosa, Rosario Giunchi, Carlo Naticchioni, Luca Olivieri, Marco Allocca, Annalisa Calloni, Enrico Cardello, Giovanni Luca Errico, Luciano Losurdo, Giovanni Molinari, Irene Trozzo, Lucia D'Urso, Domenico |
| author_facet | Di Giovanni, Matteo Rozza, Davide Diaferia, Giovanni Contu, Andrea De Rosa, Rosario Giunchi, Carlo Naticchioni, Luca Olivieri, Marco Allocca, Annalisa Calloni, Enrico Cardello, Giovanni Luca Errico, Luciano Losurdo, Giovanni Molinari, Irene Trozzo, Lucia D'Urso, Domenico |
| contents | This work investigates the impact of seasonal variations in seismic noise on the low-frequency performance of the Einstein Telescope (ET) at the Sardinia candidate site, focusing on implications for compact binary coalescence observations. Using seismic data collected between 2022 and 2025 in deep boreholes, we characterize monthly noise variations and identify representative best and worst case scenarios, corresponding to July and December. The measured seismic spectra are used to estimate the Newtonian noise contribution in the 2-10 Hz band and to derive modified ET sensitivity curves. These are implemented in a simulation framework to evaluate their effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of binary neutron star and intermediate mass black hole signals, assuming the triangular ET configuration. We find that the low seismic noise of the Sardinia site results in only minor seasonal variations in detector sensitivity. The corresponding impact on SNR is limited to a few percent, even without including Newtonian noise mitigation. These results indicate that seasonal environmental fluctuation have a minor effect on the early inspired detectability of compact binaries, confirming the suitability of the Sardinia site for achieving ET low-frequency sensitivity goals. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_18135 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site Di Giovanni, Matteo Rozza, Davide Diaferia, Giovanni Contu, Andrea De Rosa, Rosario Giunchi, Carlo Naticchioni, Luca Olivieri, Marco Allocca, Annalisa Calloni, Enrico Cardello, Giovanni Luca Errico, Luciano Losurdo, Giovanni Molinari, Irene Trozzo, Lucia D'Urso, Domenico General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics This work investigates the impact of seasonal variations in seismic noise on the low-frequency performance of the Einstein Telescope (ET) at the Sardinia candidate site, focusing on implications for compact binary coalescence observations. Using seismic data collected between 2022 and 2025 in deep boreholes, we characterize monthly noise variations and identify representative best and worst case scenarios, corresponding to July and December. The measured seismic spectra are used to estimate the Newtonian noise contribution in the 2-10 Hz band and to derive modified ET sensitivity curves. These are implemented in a simulation framework to evaluate their effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of binary neutron star and intermediate mass black hole signals, assuming the triangular ET configuration. We find that the low seismic noise of the Sardinia site results in only minor seasonal variations in detector sensitivity. The corresponding impact on SNR is limited to a few percent, even without including Newtonian noise mitigation. These results indicate that seasonal environmental fluctuation have a minor effect on the early inspired detectability of compact binaries, confirming the suitability of the Sardinia site for achieving ET low-frequency sensitivity goals. |
| title | The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18135 |